Culture is a powerful component of an organization's success Essay

Culture is an amazing segment of an association's prosperity - Essay Example Following this, the administration should review the current working condition and contrast it with the new wanted working condition. The consequences of such a study should give unmistakable regions to activity that could be utilized to seek after change in the general natural working condition. The following plan thing is guarantee that the significant partners are all ready. This is attainable through an investigation of the different partners present in the hierarchical condition. Not all partners might be fundamentally includes for each authoritative business process. It must be guaranteed that all partners are completely connected with and resolved to change with change opposition accessible just to an absolute minimum level. A difference in practices in the association would possibly be conceivable if the senior administration lead through model. The senior administration would need to receive the new wanted practices themselves to guarantee that its belongings stream down to the operational level. The new wanted working condition ought to be standardized by giving basic changes, which are quick yet basic enough for the representatives to comprehend. There would likewise be a need to overhaul the administration procedure as new limitations and restrictions are brought into the working condition. The administration procedure overhaul should support any adjustments in the working condition. It is imperative to keep representatives spurred when they are delivered with a changing working condition that produces strain. So as to keep inspiration levels high, representatives ought to be perceived and compensated while showing the new wanted practices. Another component for reinforcing the needed practices is to give formal input that situates workers in the ideal heading. An adjustment in the general working condition is just conceivable if both individual practices and gathering practices experience a noteworthy sum

Aisha Rapant Essays (424 words) - African-American Literature

Aisha Rapant Essays (424 words) - African-American Literature Aisha Rapant Case 1 Melody of Solomon Flipped Meanings All through hundreds of years, the hues high contrast have been utilized in writing to connote contrasts in circumstances and characters. Normally, dark speaks to murkiness, misery, and underhandedness, while white speaks to softness, blamelessness, truth, and by and large great. In Song of Solomon, Toni Morrison speaks to the two hues in an unexpected way, causing you to comprehend the hugeness of the story. Dark is viewed as ordinariness, and white quite often is lead to something horrible. The characters, themselves, even speak to this thought. It is a lot of predominant in The Seven Days. This is a shaped abhor gathering of dark men, whom whites murdering blacks goads them so much that they respond, and rebuff the white individual a similar way. To them, the equivalent contemptuous acts and brutality are considered more regrettable than if a dark individual at first dedicated it. It's not the demonstration of brutality that is viewed as maddening, the reality it's originating from a white individual. This kind of thought is likewise observed quickly through Guitar's communications after the saw factory mishap with his dad. The factory's white foreman offers the family practically no compassion or money related help. There's a general scorn seen towards the man after. Additionally, I see criticalness in Milkman's name also. Despite the fact that his name speaks to immaculateness and straightforwardness, him as an individual is narcissistic and materialistic, obliging t he extravagant life he's lived. Notwithstanding the characters, creatures are legitimately identified with the image of whiteness. Both the white bull and peacock had not all that unadulterated significance behind them. Most importantly, the bull made the destiny of Freddie's mom, whom kicked the bucket bringing forth him as she saw a cop strolling towards her that in the long run transformed into the white bull. The experiences between the partitioned subject in the book cause whites to appear to be ground-breaking, and not positively. At last, there was the episode with Milkman, Guitar, and the white peacock. Pursuing, and needing to get this winged creature was a straight reference to the books epigraph, The dads may take off and the youngsters may know their names. The peacock is completely liked up; not permitting it to take off. In this book, flight implies opportunity. This mostly identifies with Milkman, when Guitar states, An excessive amount of tail. All that gems overloads it. Like vanity. Can't no one f ly with such poo. Wanna fly, you got the chance to surrender the poo that overloads you (179).Morrison, Toni.Song of Solomon. New York: Penguin Books, 1987.

Essay Topics That You Can Use

Essay Topics That You Can UseWhen you are looking for the right essay topics to write for your final project, you will want to make sure that you have the right kind of topics available to you. There are lots of different topics available that can be used to help you get the most out of your final project and to ensure that you are able to write something that is very well written. The following are some of the most common topic options that you will find.Science: Many students choose to use this theme when they are writing their essays. This type of topic is something that you can take very seriously and will need to relate to the material that you are learning at school or in a class. It will be important to use your knowledge of the subject matter as an advantage when you are writing your essay. It will also be essential to make sure that you know what you are talking about when you are writing the paper.English: This theme is great for people who are familiar with basic research materials that are available to you at school. This can include medical journals, or even certain types of fiction. You will still need to put some thought into what you are writing, but this theme can help you be successful.General History: This is a great theme for you to use when you are looking for topics that can really help you with your projects. This includes the topic of any period of time, the war period, and even the Renaissance era. You will be able to come up with a topic that will be based on a real event that you have already learned and will allow you to relate it to your own life in a way that is clear and simple.Economics: This is another theme that is very popular because it covers a wide range of subject matter. You will find that there are a number of different topics that you can use to help you write an effective thesis, but this one can help you deal with financial decisions. You will be able to compare different types of investments, as well as helping you l earn about how to make better decisions in your life.History: This theme is quite popular as well. This will help you study about certain eras in history, as well as specific battles and times that occurred. You will be able to use this to help you learn about particular events that happened, and will help you gain knowledge about this topic.Culture: This is a theme that is used often in the humanities, as well as in the sciences. It is a topic that has much to do with history, as well as cultures, history, and even art. This can give you a lot of ideas about a certain culture and will help you learn about them.Life: This is a very popular topic that many students choose to use for the purpose of learning about life, and this includes what life is all about. You will be able to learn about people's lives, and this can help you gain a better understanding of the world that you live in. You will be able to write about relationships, religion, and other things that are important to you , and will help you come up with great topics for your final projects.

Essay on Theology Proper - 983 Words

Theology Proper What is God like? What does God do? Ones view of God affects all of ones life. Big policeman who corrects people who stray from truth/sin. Acts of God hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakesÂ… Grandfatherly, indulgent, kindly old gentleman. Others? Trinity Ââ€" debated at one time, have to believe to be a Xian? UPC Transcendence, God is above all. Immanence, God is close. Can God work through nature? (evolution) Is God fixed and unchanging? Or does he grow and develop like the rest of the universe? The study of Gods nature should be a means to a more accurate understanding and a closer personal relationship with him. Not belief in the great whatever. Attributes 1. The characteristics†¦show more content†¦3. Treat name respectfully (Exod 20.7), names not just to designate because its cute; chosen for their meaning. 4. God knows and communes with persons, talks to Adam Eve, depicted as having all the capacities associated with personality: knowing, feeling, willing, acting. 5. Father, warmth, understanding, not a machine, he can be approached and spoken to, and in return he speaks. 6. God is a reciprocating being, not an object or force; not to be manipulated (cant be used or harnassed, this is magic). 7. God is an end in himself, not a means to an end; value in and of self. III. Life Ââ€" God is alive. 1. Scripture does not argue for existence, simply assumes it. Hebrews 11.6 2. Contrasted with inanimate objects, metal, stone; interacting not passive. 3. From the beginning, life is in himself (John 5.26), not created, the uncaused one. IV. Infinity Ââ€" God is infinite. 1. Omnipresence Ââ€" God is not subject to limitations of space, not that he is everywhere but that he is not limited by our understanding of space and time. Finite things are places, those descriptions are not applicable, cant plot his location. 2. Immanence Ââ€" he is everywhere available, no where he cannot be found. 3. Transcendence - God is accessible everywhere in creation, but is not just there. 4. Be careful about localizing God in a certain place where you felt him, or experienced him. 5. Omniscience - God is timeless, he does not grow or develop. But he is conscious ofShow MoreRelatedThe Relationship Between Philosophy And Theology1444 Words   |  6 PagesToday, philosophy and theology are contrasted by some members of society, specifically those who think that faith and reason can never coincide. Other people, though, see the two subjects of study as collaborative instead. Similar to how as intellectuals of our Church today support this relationship, the intellectuals Thomas Aquinas and Bonaventure also reinforced it in the thirteenth century. However, both Aquinas and Bonaventure have their own (sometimes differing) opinions on what the true relationshipRead MoreIs Anselm s Perfect Being Theology?1153 Words   |  5 Pages In her book Perfect Being Theology, Katherin A. Rogers wrote, â€Å"None of us can comprehend the intrinsic being of God.† A truer word might never have been spoken with such brevity. Yet, theologians and philosophers find them selves contemplating not only the existence of God, but also what constitutes God as â€Å"God†. During such conversations, God is conceived as a perfect being (or the best possible being). God as the perfect being dates to pre-Socratic philosophy, and the idea became permanentlyRead MoreIs Theology A Religion?1625 Words   |  7 Pagespointing out how many ordinary Christians have a strong prejudice against theology, warning those who study it about being corrupted by their unbelieving and godless professors (3). He explains that while it may be easy for a young theologian to brush these sorts of concerns off as naive and uninitiated. However, Thielicke maintains that the young theologian ought to carefully consider them. For if it is true that theology has nothing to do with the common people then there may actually be somethingRead MoreA Review Of Mcminn s Text : Psychology, Theology, And Spirituality1195 Words   |  5 PagesA Review of McMinn’s Text: Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling Summary McMinn tells how psychology, theology, and spirituality are used and how they should be used in Christian counseling. A Christian counselor has to look at not necessarily psychology and theology in a counseling session but how religion and spiritually is brought into the session. McMinn (2011) states, â€Å"Religious interventions require us to understand spiritual formation, place priority on personal spiritualRead MoreThe Relationship Between Philosophy And Theology1433 Words   |  6 PagesToday, philosophy and theology are put at odds by some members of society, those who think that faith and reason are opposites and can never coincide. Others, though, see the two subjects of study as collaborative instead. And just as intellectuals of our Church today support the relationship which is otherwise seen as faith and reason, so too did the intellectuals Thomas Aquinas and Bonaventure reinforce it in the thirteenth century. However, both Aquinas and Bonaventure have their own diffe rentRead MoreByzantine Sacred Arts Bearing The Mystic Ideal Of Human Deification As Ontological Therapy1213 Words   |  5 Pagesmusic, 3. by re-centering his life upon the ontological principle of self-identity against the interactive rationality of cyberlogic, and 4. by re-substantiating human self-experience as homo theologicus. In the light of Byzantine onto-therapeutic theology, we can interpret our own being-in-the world as a reaching-out towards the other as epiphany himself of Transcendence. We can recall our essence as self-identical personhood by affirming ourselves as preserving care for other’s being, i.e. as a self-sacrificeRead MoreDr. Entwistle s Psychology And Christianity With The Intent Of Using The Text For Undergraduate1255 Words   |  6 Pageslevel for students studying Theology. The text begins with diverse worldviews intertwining Psychology and Christianity throughout various societies and each with its own deep rooted perspectives. Each culture has its own worldview regarding Psychology and Christianity together as one thought process and also taking each doctrine on its own. In the latter portion of the text there is much more detail regarding the integration of of those doctrines. Psychology, theology and the five paradigms whichRead MoreEssay on Francis Bacons New Atlantis1512 Words   |  7 Pagesuniverse, he pointed the way that science, as a new civil religion, might take in developing such a theory. Bacon divided theology into the natural and the revealed. Natural theology is the knowledge of God which we can get from the study of nature and the creatures of God. Convincing proof is given of the existence of God but nothing more. Anything else must come from revealed theology. Science and philosophy have felt the need to justify themselves to laymen. The belief that nature is something to beRead MoreProposed Seven Philosophers On The Existence Of God And Their Development Of These Ideas1413 Words   |  6 Pagesworld all have a religious significance.(Text) For St. Augustine his true fulfillment was through God, and he believed that for others this would also be true. He felt that unless you sought ought absolute and eternal truth, there would not be a proper foundation to build one’s life upon. He believed that there are two kinds of reality, one of which, transcends the physical world, which was God s sovereign realm of existence (Text). During his rationalization of God and all the things which heRead MoreThe Doctrine Of The Trinity1670 Words   |  7 PagesBarth, and Elizabeth Tanner reveal the necessity for discussion about the trinity to evolve throughout the last 1500 years of Christian theology in order for the doctrine to be modernized to the lexical and social understanding of contemporary Christians. Although Augustine may be one of the Fathers of Trinitarian Theology, his fifth century Trinitarian theology has not progressed compatibly in regards to twenty-first century linguistics, rhetoric, and philosophy. In order to understand the limitations

Condom Distribution in Public Schools Essay - 1379 Words

Allowing condoms to be distributed in public schools has had much controversy over the years. Many people learn about safe sex, but there are still many unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases floating around. Some schools across the United States have made it to where students are given condoms in school. On top of other alternatives, such condom distribution programs should be allowed or promoted in public schools to help reduce teen pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases. Many questions and concerns have come about regarding this promotion of condoms being distributed in public schools. Will it lower teen pregnancy rates? Will condoms reduce sexually transmitted diseases? Will the distribution of condoms in public†¦show more content†¦These assemblies proved to reduce statistics in birth rates among many races because of the abstinence-only education. There is no doubt that abstinence is a great and the most pure way to protect oneself from an unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. On the other hand, Ann O’Leary stated in Beyond Condoms: Alternative Approaches to HIV Prevention, â€Å"†¦adolescents, particularly young adolescents, may not have the knowledge and judgment to make informed choices about methods to protect themselves†¦Ã¢â‚¬  It would not hurt to take an extra step for those who were not taught or do not have any idea what abstinence is. Also in Beyond Condoms: Alternative Approaches to HIV, Oâ₠¬â„¢Leary says, â€Å"It may be reasonable to admonish young people to abstain from alcohol or drug use†¦ but asking adolescents to abstain from sexual intercourse may be qualitatively different.† Teaching students about abstinence and providing them with condoms seems a bit hypocritical, but for people who have already taken that extra step to have sex, why not help protect them? For kids who do not have that motherly or fatherly figure to sit down and talk to them about the â€Å"birds and the bees† at the age of 13, and already made the mistake, why not take the extra step to inform and alsoShow MoreRelated Distribution of Condoms in Public High Schools Essay2464 Words   |  10 PagesDistribution of Condoms in Public High Schools Coinciding with the onslaught of the new millennium, schools are beginning to realize that the parents are not doing their job when it comes to sexual education. The school system already has classes on sexual education; these classes are based mainly on human anatomy. Most schools do not teach their students about relationships, morals, respect, self-discipline, self-respect, and most importantly contraceptives. Everyday students engageRead MoreAccess to Evidence Based Sex Education in American Public Schools999 Words   |  4 Pagessex education in American public schools. Concurrent with access to information and education about human sexuality, schools should also be offering students safe, anonymous ways of receiving condoms. Condoms are crucial for preventing unwanted pregnancy: and it can easily be said that all teen pregnancies in the United States will be classified as unwanted. Moreover, condoms will prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. When they ar e used properly, condoms can become lifesavers. HoweverRead MoreWrap It Before You Tap It695 Words   |  3 Pagesdating a guy at school for six months. They broke up and she found out she was pregnant. Leann was alone and afraid. She finally called the baby daddy and he was so happy and told her he was going to be there every step of the way. They got back together. LeAnn’s mom soon got over the fact she was going to be a grandmother and accepted it (LeAnn). If condoms would have been offered at her school do you think LeAnn’s story would even exist? The distribution of condoms in school can be a sensitiveRead MoreCondoms At School : Disaster Or Success1194 Words   |  5 PagesCondoms in School: Disaster or Success How would it feel to be a 17 year old teen that is having to go home and tell their parents that they are pregnant, or that they have contracted a sexually transmitted disease (STD)? It does not sound very pleasant, does it? If teens were to have easy access to condoms these things may not be a problem. A condom is a thin latex sheath that acts as a barrier device (Bedsider, 2014). Condoms are used during intercourse as a barrier to protect from unwanted pregnancyRead MoreCondoms a New Diploma Critical Analysis Essay908 Words   |  4 PagesCritical Analysis In the essay â€Å"Condoms: the New Diploma†, by Rush Limbaugh published in his book The Way Things Ought To Be in 1992, Limbaugh talks about how distribution of condoms in schools can lead to teenage promiscuity and encourages sexual activity at an early age. Limbaugh’s use of Reductio ad absurdum counter attacks the opposition’s argument on condom distribution and is effective since it is hard to attack the opposition. Limbaugh attempts to refute his opposition with a reductionRead MoreCase Study: Aids, Condoms and Carnival671 Words   |  3 PagesAIDS, Condoms, and Carnival 1. Comment on the Brazilian and Indian governments’ strategies for the prevention of AIDS via the marketing of condoms. I think the Brazilian government’s strategies is good, because they are allowing the prevention of contract AIDS, because they are getting closer to a big part of Brazilian people that could be in high risk of contracting or that are already infected with the incurable ailment; however, its necessary that the government makes another strategy forRead MoreThe Importance of Sex Education1217 Words   |  5 Pagesactivity, which results in pregnancy and the contraction of STD’s such as HIV at such a young stage, sex education being taught in schools should be of higher demand now than ever before. Sex education is a class that provides students an opportunity to ask questions and obtain true facts, without the embarrassment of going to their parents. Sex, should be taught at schools regardless of the subjects delicacy. Those shy parents who do not let their children be tend to rebel. They start sneaking outRead MoreShould Condoms Be Given in Schools Essay745 Words   |  3 Pagesare born to young people with little or no education about condom use and sex. With a little education about condom use and safe sex many of these unnecessary pregnancies could be prevented. Many parents do not educate their children about sex; therefore the burden usually falls on the schools. Condoms should definitely be readily available in the school system, along with a Sex Education program that includes how and why to use condoms properly. Some of us have the memory of the day yourRead MoreTeen Pregnancy1023 Words   |  5 PagesDoes access to condoms prevent teen pregnancy? Adolescent pregnancies remain a concern in public health worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) has indicated that annually about 16 million girls between 15 and 19 give birth. Indeed, in many countries policies and programs are developed and implemented for the prevention of teen pregnancy and reduction of risks and consequences it might cause. Furthermore, that a teenager becomes pregnant poses a risk to her health, her life and the fetusRead MoreProviding Teenagers Contraceptives in High Schools is the Next Step1102 Words   |  5 PagesProviding Teenagers Contraceptives in High Schools is the Next Step Approximately four million teens get a sexually transmitted disease every year (Scripps 1). Today’s numbers of sexually active teens differ greatly from that of just a few years ago. Which in return, projects that not only the risk of being infected with a sexually transmitted disease (STD) has risen, but the actual numbers of those infected rise each year as well. These changes have not gone unnoticed. In fact have produced

The Effects Of E Commerce On Global Trade - 1524 Words

The effects of E-commerce in Global Trade Introduction E-commerce is a term describing a new and innovative more efficient way of doing business completely by use of the internet, to conduct trade dealings both on a national and global scale. E-commerce offers a different mode of performing trade throughout the world without the need for tangible contact between the buyer and seller. The new transaction mode of purchasing and supplying goods has become explosive in terms of efficiency, competitiveness, and productivity, therefore improving companies and homelands economic outlook and growth. So, many companies worldwide have joined the ranks of the digital marketing style, as a ways to a means of improving their globalized trade activities with other potential trade partners of the world. In fact, according to Terzi (2011) online internet usage is linked to trade. The expanding interest has grown and continues to grow very rapidly throughout the business and commercial dealings of the world. The evidence is observed in the number of tr ansactions in 2005, reaching almost four billion dollars to greater than 16 billion dollars by 2009 (Young, Jun-yang, Xue-pin, Jiao-jiao, 2011). In addition, the United States is one of the two countries using e-commerce the most (Terzi, 2000). The above numbers significantly indicate how innovative technology has engrossed the consumer market whether between businesses, consumers or consumer to corporates. Modernization of global tradeShow MoreRelatedImpact Of E Commerce On International Trade Essay1045 Words   |  5 PagesE-COMMERCE ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE MUKESHV.M , (MCom,MBA Finanace,MPhil) Assistant Professor In Commerce And Management Studies, Mar Osthastheos College (Affiliated To University Of Calicut) Perumpilavu,Kunnamkulam,Thrissur-680519Ph:04885 282000Mob:9895617021Email:Mukeshmurli640@Gmail.Com Abstract The purpose of the present study is to investigate the impact of E-Commerce on international trade . electronic commerce offers economy wide benefits to all countries. The gains are likely to be concentratedRead MoreE Commerce Vs. Electronic Commerce1527 Words   |  7 PagesThere are plenty of ways to define the definition of E-commerce. For example, according to the Oxford Dictionary, E-commerce or electronic commerce is the commercial transaction that conducted electronically on the Internet. Some people define E-commerce as the processes of buying, selling, or exchanging products, services, and information by using the computer network technology such as the Internet. E-commerce does not only provide the function of buying and selling goods and services online viaRead MoreThe Three Major Factors Fueling International Technological Growth1271 Words   |  6 Pagesinternational technological growth are the internet, telecommunications, and e-commerce. The internet has the capabi lity to generate international market expansion and future international growth for firms. It has evolved into a mechanism that can be used to capture new international market opportunities. Due to transactional and communication capabilities, the internet has become an efficient and effective conduit for global trade and international market expansion (Matthew Kleiner, 2008). TelecommunicationsRead MoreImpacts Of E-Commerce On Developed And Developing Countries.1296 Words   |  6 Pages Impacts of E-commerce on developed and developing countries Chahat Singla NAIT Bachelor of Technology in technology management Applied Research Methods (RSCH3000) Contact: chahatsingla10@gmail.com Introduction E-Commerce is a method for working together exchanges by means of the web. It deals with establishing customer to buyer relations, business to business (B2B) purchasing and offering. It involves exchanging items or administration using computers. There are many advantages and disadvantagesRead MoreThe Impact Of Electronic Procurement Systems For Australian Organizations Using The Propagated Framework Essay1596 Words   |  7 PagesE-PROCUREMENT SYSTEMS AND HOW TO MEASURE ITS SUCCESS Student name: Amjad Khaled Student number: 2013059024 Course: Introduction to modern research techniques and thesis writing Department: International school Supervisor: Dr.Hashmi Shabir Date of submission: 2016/12/13 ABSTRACT E-procurement systems contribute largely to business and government institutes by increasing the national productivity growth through removing of non-value added activities in the process of procurementRead MoreE Commerce1203 Words   |  5 PagesElectronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce, is a type of industry where buying and selling of product or service is conducted over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. Electronic commerce draws on technologies such as mobile commerce, electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic commerceRead MoreTechnological Change And Their Effects On Global Market Research1480 Words   |  6 Pages Technological Change and Their Effects on Global Market Research Pradip Adhikari Texas AM University Commerce Fall 2014 Introduction We live in an era of extreme revolutionize, due to rapid technological development. Over the past years, the technological advancement has changed the entire world and way of work environment. Businesses in today s extremely competitive market must not take too lightly the importance of high-tech working environment, capable, well-trained employeesRead MoreThe Company Amazon.com Inc. An E Commerce Based Industry Essay1289 Words   |  6 Pages Political The company Amazon.Com Inc. an e-commerce based industry can be affected by the country’s political external factors for example: A) political stability of developed countries. It could creates an opportunity to expand . B)Government support for e-commerce. It is an a opportunity as a well a threat, an opportunity because it can continue to expand and diversify it business, a treat because competition will also increase. C) Increasing governmental efforts on cyber-securityRead MoreImpacts Of Technology E Commerce1471 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness – E-Commerce Since the introduction of the Internet in the 1950’s, development of technology began for use by the military until it was soon introduced to the public for commercial and private use. Throughout the decades ever since, technology was then on the road to sudden rapid expansion, with a big boom in new hardware, software and internet capabilities such as faster computer speeds, faster internet connections and efficient software. Convenient services appeared such as E-Commerce (or ElectronicRead MoreHow Ebay Is An American Multinational Corporation And E Commerce Company1508 Words   |  7 Pagescorporation and e-commerce company, that provides consumer-to-consumer sale-services through the Internet. eBay was initially founded as an auction web by a computer programmer called Pierre Omidyar, and during the dot-com bubble it manage to prevail and it ended up being a notable success story. In September 1997, the company officially changed its name to eBay and in 1998 it went public. Today it is a multibillion-dollar business with operations localized in over 30 countries (Global Trade, 1995-2016)

Was the Red Scare Credible free essay sample

The ability to be a credible person can go a long way in a time of panic, which was the case with Senator Joseph McCarthy during the Red Scare in the asses. During that time Senator McCarthy made some accusations of people being communist that were for the most part believed during the early 1 sass. It is arguable that people believed him not because he had proof, but because he was a senator and worked for government.When looked at, this reason seams very reasonable since most Americans or even the average American did not understand what was occurring during hat time or were uninformed. Thus, it would be very easy to take advantage of the people living in America, with false accusations and propaganda and get support from them. Also, it helps that McCarthy was a senator during that time because it is easier to believe a politician who says he has proof to back up his accusations as opposed to someone that is not known to the public that is accusing people of being communist. The Red Scare was very prominent in the asses and as well as in the asses in America. Also, it was an unfair occurrence in the sense that no one ever had a fair chance to get their air say in if they were accused of being an anarchist in the asses or communist in the asses. The accused were immediately seen as a threat and as a result faced many problems, such as losing their jobs and losing credibility. The most crucial problem was that some were killed for speculation and not facts, which was the case for some people.Thus, with the issue of the accused not having a say and McCarthy having credibility as a result of being a senator the question of to what extent where McCarthy accusation of people being communist during the Red Scare credible? Arises. Although McCarthy did have evidence to support his accusations of communism in America, the evidence was not entirely credible, as some evidence was inaccurate. Therefore, Senator McCarthy accusations during the Red Scare were not credible as his evidence was inaccurate and manipulated to seem like there were more communists in America, than there were actually.As a result his accusations were believed when they were not credible at all. The Red Scare by definition is the sudden mass fear or anxiety over anticipated events. In America there have been two Red Scares hat occurred, one in the asses and the other in asses. Both Red Scares in America arose out of fear of communism and foreign policy that could have impacted America greatly, especially since both Red Scares occurred after World War One and World War Two. After World War Two the United States developed a policy of containment to try and stop the spread of Communism.After the Second World War the United States entered the Cold War against the Soviet union. The first Red Scare occurred after the end Of the First World War and during the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia. The reason Americans darted to grow fear in communists and anarchists was due to a series of bombings by anarchists. Because of the Red Scare in the 1 adds many people that were innocent were arrested because they expressed their views. As well, civil liberties were ignored and this lead to a fear that a revolution in the united States, like the Bolshevik Revolution would occur. The people who were suspected, or thought to be a communist or an anarchist, during the first Red Scare were those who did not seem as patriotic as everyone else or were not as patriotic as they could have been. The government responded to his Red Scare in the form of the General Intelligence Division of Bureau of Investigation, which was created to uncover Bolshevik conspiracies and to find and incarcerate or deport conspirators. As a result many people were arrested and deported because they were thought to be radicals and leftists. Civil liberties were not taken into consideration and warrants were not used to arrest people either.Efforts were made to say that the General Intelligence Division of Bureau of Investigation violated some civil rights that people had, such as the First Amendment since people were not allowed to voice their pinions during this time. The Second Red Scare of the United States occurred after the Second World War had ended in the 1 sass. The difference betw een the situation of the Second Red Scare to the First Red Scare was the Second Red Scare occurred in a time when the United States were looking to contain communism from spreading to Western Europe and most importantly to the rest of the world. During the Second Red Scare, the Cold War began between the Soviet Union and the United States. There was no actual fighting between both sides in terms of weapons or violence during the Cold War. The Second Red Scare had The House Committee on Un-American Activities or HIJACK The House Committee on Un-American Activities was made so it would investigate UN-American and subversive activities and originally investigated both left wing and right wing political parties, which would later go on to change.Eventually communist related issues during the period of the Red Scare were being investigated. The House Committee on Un-American Activities then switched its attention to the possibility that the CAP or American Communist Party had infiltrated the Federal Writers Project and other New Deal projects. The HUGH eventually would end up investigating the Hollywood Motion Picture Industry during the period of the Second Red Scare and eventually the investigation lead to the Hollywood Ten, th e Red Channels, which were documents that revealed people who were communist in the United States.The Second Red Scare can mostly be sum upped by one name or man, Senator Joseph McCarthy, who wanted to find communists at any cost. Due to Senator McCarthy a word arose which is very synonymous with the Second Red Scare, McCarthy. McCarthy by definition is the practice of publicizing accusations of political disloyalty or version with insufficient regard to evidence or the use Of unfair investigatory or accusatory methods in order to suppress opposition. McCarthy was also known as the witch hunt of communist during the Second Red Scare.Senator Joseph McCarthy was born in Appleton, Wisconsin, on 14th November, 1908 to Catholic Parents. Senator Joseph McCarthy after returning and completing high school in 1928 attended Unrepresentative. Originally Senator Joseph McCarthy was part of the Democratic Party and was a supporter of the New Deal and of President Franklin Roosevelt, but because Senator Joseph McCarthy did not become the candidate for the Democratic Party for the position of District Attorney, he changed political parties and became a Republican. During World War Two Senator Joseph McCarthy became a marine . After the war ended he ran to become a republican candidate for the senate against Robert La Foliate. Senator Joseph McCarthy succeeded and eventually became a member of the senate. Senator McCarthy s methods of winning were not the cleanest as he did attack Robert La Foliate on matters that were true, but they were justified for La Foliate. Robert La Foliate enlisted for the war, but La Foliate was too old to enlist, and therefore could not participate in World War Two. Senator McCarthy took advantage of this formality by saying La Foliate did not participate in the war.This act by McCarthy showed that he did not care how he won and as well that he manipulated information to make La Foliate look terrible. Senator Joseph McCarthy was unimpressive during his years in the senate and when there was a chance of losing he wanted a way where he was assured he could retain his seat. As a result of Senator Joseph McCarthy fear of losing his seat, name a suggestion to Senator McCarthy from one of his friends. The suggestion from his friend was for Senator Joseph McCarthy to begin a campaign against communist subversives working in the Democratic Administration.Senator McCarthy had help from one of his friends, Jack Anderson who was a journalist who gave Senator McCarthy information on people he thought or suspected of being a communist. As well Senator Joseph McCarthy received information that was known only to the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Later in the year 1950 McCarthy made a speech at a eating of the Republican Womens Club in Wheeling, West Virginia basically stating that he had a list of 205 people in the State Department that were known to be members of the American Communist Party and were passing secret information to the Soviet Union.Drew Pearson later pointed out that that only three people on the list that were State Department officials and tha t none of the people on the list mentioned by McCarthy were actually apart of the American Communist party, meaning that the information was embellished to seem more dangerous than it was, making it not credible. Outside the United States the war in Korea increased the power of McCarthy and Senator Joseph McCarthy since the Korean War was not in the favor of the United States. As well, there were communist advances in Eastern Europe and with this knowledge the United States people were afraid about the possibilities of internal subversion, which Senator Joseph McCarthy no doubt exploited. For the next couple of years Senator Joseph McCarthy started investigating various government departments. As well Senator Joseph McCarthy questioned a large number of people about their political sat and a downside to this was that people lost their jobs when they admitted they had been or were members of the Communist Party.It is to be noted that the people being questioned said they had been part of the Communist party, meaning they were no longer in it. If it was not bad enough to admit to being communist during the Red Scare, Senator Joseph McCarthy gave the people who admitted to being communist a sort of ultimatum in saying the only way they could show that they had left their left-wing views was by naming other members of the party.In a sense this method may have mimed like a good way to find communists if indeed there were ever any communist, but at the same time it seemed like another way that false accusations could have arisen from the investigating of Senator Joseph McCarthy and McCarthy during the Second Red Scare. As well, this method by the McCarthy could of lead to unreliable numbers of communists and evidence that was not credible. It is somewhat quite interesting that only the people targeted by Senator Joseph McCarthy were only Democratic people who had a left wing view on politics and left wing people as well, like communists.Besides that Senator McCarthy targeted Democrats associated with the New Deal policies introduced by Franklin D. Roosevelt in the asses, which ironically was the time when Senator Joseph McCarthy was still a Democrat and still supported Democratic views. Senator Joseph McCarthy even accused Harry S. Truman who was portrayed by Senator Joseph McCarthy as a dangerous liberal and members of his Democratic Administration, such as George Marshall and Dean Achaeans, of being soft on communism. Continuing with the accusations of Democrats, Senator Joseph McCarthy with his accusations of Harry Truman eventually helped theRepublican candidate, Dwight Eisenhower, win the presidential election in 1952. Again Senator Joseph McCarthy and McCarthy looked like a way for Senator Joseph McCarthy to sup port right wing ideas as he helped a Republican become president instead of a Democrat, who was a left wing politician. To this point it seemed Senator McCarthy motives of McCarthy during the Second Red Scare seemed to have shown actions in which he wanted the right wing to become the superior political party in the united States over the left wing. Senator McCarthy investigations helped as moreDemocrats were questioned and were said to be communist, thus making a Republican seem better during this period. Senator Joseph McCarthy during the Second Red Scare developed a presence as no one dared to criticize him politically, since the person who chose to criticize would end up being criticized themselves by Senator Joseph McCarthy followers. Drew Pearson who earlier stood up to Senator Joseph McCarthy had radio shows were he would disprove Senator Joseph McCarthy claims on who was or was not a communist, which caused a rivalry between Drew Pearson and Senator Joseph McCarthy.Senator Joseph McCarthy even accused Drew Pearson of being the voice of international Communism and a Moscow-directed character a ssassin. As well Senator Joseph McCarthy helped raise money to help Fred Napoleon Hawser, the Attorney General of California, so he could sue Drew Pearson for $350,000 as Hawser was suing for libel (anything that is defamatory or that maliciously or damagingly misrepresents). The libel resulted from Pearson having reported In 1948 that Hawser had ties to gamblers, as Hawser had accepted money from a well known Long Beach gambler. Although Senator McCarthy attempted to get him Drew Pearson dude, his attempts were unsuccessful as Drew Pearson was ruled by the courts to have not committed libeled against Hawser. McCarthy rivalry with Pearson is of great importance because he tried to get Pearson sued, meaning he saw him as a threat. This further leads into the possibility that McCarthy had false information as he worried that Pearson was disapproving of his accusations, further leading to McCarthy losing support. If people were not enough to attack Senator Joseph McCarthy, he attacked books which he believed were anti-American books in libraries.Senator Joseph McCarthy had search done by his researchers into the Overseas Library Program and discovered 30,000 books by communists, pro-communists and former communists. This had the same result as the list of people being communists had as the books were put into a list which was publicized and the books were later burned. Up to this point Senator McCarthy had attac ked both books and people and with more time came a new target to which Senator McCarthy would investigate to see if there was communism within the United States Military. Senator Joseph McCarthy had been for the most part purported by a majority of the American people up to this point in time; the military investigation would turn out to be Senator Joseph McCarthy biggest mistake. The investigation Of the military began on October Of 1 953 and Senator Joseph McCarthy while investigating made attempts to discredit Robert Stevens, who at the time of the investigation was the Secretary of the Army. Senator Joseph McCarthy investigation into the military and the possibility that communism was within the military made president Dwight Eisenhower furious at what he was doing with his investigation on the litany.President Eisenhower came to the conclusion that it was time to bring an end to Senator McCarthy activities due to Senator Joseph McCarthy investigation of the military. What was done to stop Senator Joseph McCarthy actions was that the military passed information about Senator Joseph McCarthy to journalists known to be opposed to him. Also included in the attempts to stop Senator Joseph McCarthy was the news that he and Roy Cohn had abused congressional privilege by tying to prevent David Chine from being drafted and ultimately this attempt failed.Roy Cohn ND David Chine were known to have had a homosexual relation with each other and were aides of McCarthy in accusing people of being communists. Roy Cohn was the man who prosecuted the Rosenberg and David Chine published a pamphlet entitled Definition of Communism, which downgraded communism. When this attempt failed it was claimed that Cohn tried to pressurize the Army to grant Chine special privileges and an article would later go on to be published. President Eisenhower instructed Richard Nixon, his vice-president at the time to attack Joseph McCarthy.What Richard Nixon id was give a speech about communism Men who have in the past done effective work exposing Communists in this country have, by reckless talk and questionable methods, made themselves the issue rather than the cause they believe in so deeply. The speech was not directed at anyone, but it was clear it aimed at Senator Joseph McCarthy as the speech talked about a man who exposed communists in the past via questionable methods that has caused for him to be the issue.The speech mentions questionable methods of exposing communists which leads to McCarthy accusat ions not being redouble as he had questionable methods. The tide was changing and it was changing quickly on Senator Joseph McCarthy as he started to lose influence and his tactics and ways were exposed showing the person he really was. The investigations of the united States Army would go on to be televised were his tactics were shown and later on the Louisville Courier-Journal, it reported that: In this long, degrading travesty of the democratic process McCarthy has shown himself to be evil and unmatched in malice. This point McCarthy had made himself look terrible and this was something other politicians greed with and Senator Joseph McCarthy would later go on to lose the chairmanship of the Government Committee on Operations of the Senate to a vote of 65 to 22. As a result Senator Joseph McCarthy was now without a power base and the media lost interest in his claims of a communist conspiracy and some reports refused to file McCarthy stories and most papers would not have printed them anyway.It seemed that McCarthy had now come to an end. Looking back at the Red Scare of the 1950 it was clear that it had many actions that were aimed at finding out if indeed there were communists within the United States. With th ese actions came information that was obtained, but it is clear that most information by Senator Joseph McCarthy cannot be seen as credible as there were many flaws that made the credibility of the information obtained unreliable, thus, making Senator McCarthy accusations unreliable.Senator McCarthy used the tactics of fear to get the answers he wished to get out of the people he was investigating. McCarthy forced people to say they were a communist, making his information false and adding to a number of accused communists, making his data unreliable. And if they were an actual communist they were arced to reveal other names of people who were communists, which cannot be trusted as well because any name COUld have been said so the person could have been let go.Another attack to McCarthy credibility was that on 4th March, 1954, Richard Nixon made a speech where, although not mentioning McCarthy, Nixon made it clear who he was talking about. By looking at the quote it sclera that McCarthy ways of exposing communist were questionable, meaning that the information was well cannot be trusted. The most important piece of evidence that makes McCarthy evidence not credible was what started the Red Scare.

9 things to do before you write that resume- The JobNetwork

9 things to do before you write that resume- The JobNetwork So, you’ve found that job posting that looks a little too good to be true. You want to put your best foot forward, but you haven’t even gotten your resume in order. Sound familiar? Since your resume is your potential employer’s first impression of you, resume writing is a serious task - one that can’t be started without getting your life together first.Here’s what you should do before you start writing your resume:1. Introspection is keyBefore you even set pen to paper (or really, in this day and age, boot up your laptop), you first have to decide what it is you’re aiming for. This applies to both new job seekers and to those who simply wish to embark on a new phase of their career. Do you have a goal in mind for what you want to do with your life or where you want your career to go?If you need some help discovering your career path, check out these approaches:ââ€"  Search your soul: Set some time aside to ask yourself important questions about where you would like your career to go. Brainstorm what you enjoy doing, think through your priorities, or ask yourself questions like where you would like to see yourself in ten years. The conclusions you arrive at will be instrumental in helping you find your way.ââ€"  Take a test: If you’re interested to see if there are any options that you haven’t previously considered, there are plenty of free career tests online, such as Sokanu’s Career Test or the O*NET Interest Profiler, which is created by the U.S. Department of Labor. In these tests, you answer a set of questions and see if your interests or personality are suited for a certain career path. After that, you can research your results and see if it’s what you want.ââ€"  Talk to a professional: If you feel that talking to an unbiased professional would benefit you, seeking guidance from a career counselor may be a good move. A career counselor’s job is to guide you through your car eer choices. He or she may first find out more about you and your interests, and then give you suggestions based on what he or she knows about you and her expertise on the salaries and skills required for various fields. Though this option costs between $75.00 to over $1,200.00 per hour-long session, some colleges offer free counseling to alumni, so be sure to explore your options thoroughly.Once you decide on your path, it will be easier to see what assets you have that will take you where you wish to go.2. Gather your informationIf you already have a dream job in mind, great! The next step is figuring out what an employer in that field is looking for in an ideal candidate and preparing accordingly. According to  this article by Workopolis, only 2% of job seekers make it to the interview, with a well-crafted application being what elevates you to the top 2% of contenders. Therefore, having a resume that provides a lot of targeted information clearly and concisely is one of the be st ways to make the strongest impression possible.To create a competitive resume, be sure to take a stroll down memory lane and compile these important tidbits: ââ€"  Relevant previous work experience, including specific dates of employment. ââ€"  Pertinent certifications, licenses and awards, honors, and activities. ââ€"  A list of your publications. ââ€"  Your GPA, but only include this if it’s above a 3.0.Once you get all this information together, you can use it to build the case that you are exactly what your would-be employer is looking for.3. Ready your portfolio, website, and/or LinkedIn profileWhether it’s a hard copy binder or online, a portfolio is a collection of your best work that your potential employer can peruse to determine if you have the skills they are looking for. It’s a valuable tool, providing incontrovertible evidence that you’re the real deal, and not overselling yourself. Depending on the industry you’re hoping to enter, particularly if it’s arts related, a portfolio may even be required.A personal website often serves the same purpose as an online portfolio, with more biographical information in the form of an â€Å"About† section, and some additional features, such as a blog and contact page. Having a personal website greatly increases your visibility, and is known to impress would-be employers when he or she Googles you. So, if you have one, make sure that it’s up-to-date before including it on your resume.Finally, in this age of social media, your LinkedIn profile is quickly becoming a must-have on your resume. Therefore, an important step to preparing your resume is optimizing your LinkedIn. Although the information on both your resume and LinkedIn profile may seem similar, make sure that it’s not identical. Think of your LinkedIn as an additional opportunity to showcase yourself, so don’t waste it!4. Brainstorm your skillsNow that you have your past a ccomplishments laid out in front of you, it’s time to analyze the concrete skills that led to your success.For first time job seekers :If this is your first-ever resume, start by thinking about your achievements from school or other endeavors. If you’re a student, were you on the executive board for a club? If you’re a stay-at-home mother, did you run a fundraiser? Maybe you can even leverage your travels by emphasizing the skills you gained. Even if these are not â€Å"jobs† per se, they require certain skills to pull off, skills that you can put on your resume. For job seekers who have gone through the grind before : If this isn’t your first job, that means you must have some work experience you can glean skills from. If your previous job is similar to the one you’re seeking, then this part should be fairly easy because you already know the skills necessary for success.However, if your next job is in a completely  new field, identifying and convincingly presenting transferable skills between jobs will be your most critical and difficult task. Nevertheless, doing so will make you a much stronger candidate. Don’t forget soft skills!When assembling your list of skills, in addition to the more technical hard skills, such as typing or operating certain machinery, don’t forget to work in soft skills that may not be so obvious at first, such as people skills or leadership skills. If you can show that you are a well-rounded individual with the appropriate skills, it will convince your would-be employer that this job is right up your alley and that you are the best person for the job.5. Check in with your referencesThis tip is a matter of courtesy. Although a list of references is not customarily part of the resume, it’s a resource that should be available upon request. Therefore, before crafting your resume, it may also be a good idea to take a moment and ponder who would make an appropriate reference. Before you list names and contact info of your references, however, you should remember to make sure that the people you’re volunteering are okay with your potential employer contacting them. Not only are you showing your references that you respect them and don’t come off entitled to their good reviews, but asking for their permission ensures that your references aren’t taken by surprise when they are contacted by your would-be employer. After all, you want your reference to be prepared when the call comes!To make sure that you get the best possible recommendation, your reference should know what you are applying for and you should remind them of what you did while working under him or her. If possible, provide a template highlighting what you would most like the reference to emphasize. Even if you are the best job candidate, if your potential employer can sense that your references are caught off guard or don’t really know who you are or what you did, t hat reflects badly on you. You come off as disrespectful and unorganized, two strikes against you that will turn off any would-be employers.6. Determine what format works best for youResumes usually fall under one of three formats: reverse chronological, functional, or a combination of both. Each of these formats has their own advantages and disadvantages. You should choose accordingly, depending on which format presents your character and professional background in the most positive light.Here’s a quick explanation of the differences between the three formats:ââ€"  Reverse chronological : With this format, since your work experience is listed in reverse chronological order, would-be employers can easily discern upward mobility with your roles and responsibilities, making you a highly attractive candidate. However, despite being the most common format, it puts applicants who have a work gap or who don’t have as much work experience at a disadvantage, since your expe rience is front and center.ââ€"  Functional: Since functional resumes lead with the skills section and gloss over your past jobs, it’s good for applicants who would like to conceal a gap in their work experience, such as a stay-at-home mother returning to the workforce. Since functional resumes aren’t as common, hiring managers sometimes interpret it as a red flag, so be sure to back up your resume with a compelling cover letter and be ready to field questions about it in the interview.ââ€"  Combination: Another format that puts the skills section first, this format is ideal for applicants who are going for a very technical job or one who might be seeking to switch fields. After all, this format emphasizes your skills, which may be transferrable, and draws attention away from your work experience, which may not directly correlate with the job you’re applying for. A mix of both of the preceding ones, this format could be the perfect fit for your career path . However, since this format still has your work history in it, it is unable to conceal work gaps, so if you have any, you should choose a different format.Before you start writing, make sure you take a good look at your career up until now and choose the format that will best showcase it.7. It’s all in the wordsWord choice for your resume is also of critical importance. For one, most companies now run resumes through an Applicant Tracking System (ATS) that will scan your resume for relevant keywords. If your resume doesn’t hit enough of the keywords, your resume may never even reach human eyes before it’s summarily rejected.However, if your resume does reach a human, one thing you don’t want crossing his or her mind is: this is boring. Bear in mind that it’s likely that he or she has probably at least skimmed through hundreds of resumes before yours, so if your resume doesn’t stick out or command a presence, it won’t leave much of an impression.Here’s how you can ensure that your word choice makes your resume stand out from the rest:ââ€"  Research, research, research : A quick search of similar job postings should inform you what keywords have direct bearing on your industry. Work these into your resume, but don’t go overboard. Don’t forget to catch related keywords, as well.ââ€"  Ready a list of action verbs: Action verbs are important tools to have readily accessible because they vividly describe your actions and don’t take up as much space as passive voice. They also make you sound more authoritative, since you are actively implementing duties, instead of the duties passively happening to you. Employers love assertive resumes because they are more inclined to entrust you with important tasks.ââ€"  Dust off your thesaurus : Making use of a thesaurus will keep you from the monotony of repetition, thus keeping the hiring manager engaged. So, even if you have all this experien ce and know-how, it won’t amount to much if you can’t frame it with descriptive and powerful words that will resonate with your would-be employer.With the perfect words at your fingertips, you can weave them all together to compose a resume that will earn the approval of both the robots and the hiring manager.8. Style counts!This is one of those steps that seems trivial compared to the others. However, the font you choose can factor into your potential employer’s first impression of you. Choosing a silly font is going to make you stand out, but not in a way that you may want. Instead, fonts that convey reliability and trustworthiness are your best bet.Likewise, you want to help out your would-be employer as much as you can, so you should prioritize readability for your resume over something ostentatious. Depending on the typeface, something too flashy can obscure or distract from your message. If you want some suggestions on fonts that have proven to be well-lik ed by recruiters, take a look at this list of best fonts to use on your resume.9. Be prepared to kill your darlingsPhoto of William Faulkner by Carl Van Vechten [Public domain], via Wikimedia CommonsPhoto of William Faulkner by Carl Van Vechten [Public domain], via Wikimedia CommonsNo matter how long and illustrious your career, your resume should not be a document that rambles on and on. If you consider the hundreds of resumes hiring managers have to power through, it’s natural that they wouldn’t spend more than six seconds on each resume, as this study by The Ladders. This leads to an old adage that your resume shouldn’t exceed a single page, which still holds true today. Therefore, you should approach writing with the mindset: be concise.If you find yourself hesitating, take some advice from a famous writer, William Faulkner, and be prepared to kill your darlings. While this advice sounds extreme, what Faulkner really means is that you should be mentally read y to cut stuff out of your writing, even if you take great pride in writing it.This idea can also be applied to resume writing. Maybe you have a fondness for that first job you ever took or that high school club you participated in. However, if neither of these are pertinent to the job you are seeking, it’s best to just trim out the unnecessary information or reword it more efficiently.Wrapping things up Sitting down and writing your resume isn’t something you should approach haphazardly. Being mentally prepared and having all the appropriate information ready will result in a better looking and better received resume, making the job hunting process all the more smooth. So, don’t be afraid to take your time and brainstorm away!About the author:  Lauren McAdams is a hiring manager, career consultant, and lead writer at ResumeCompanion.com. She’s been quoted by sites like Forbes, Fox Business, and TechRepublic, and her resume templates and career advice o n Resume Companion have helped hundreds of applicants find their dream jobs. When she’s not busy enriching the lives of job seekers, she’s either sipping on coffee or a glass of wine – depending on the time of day of course.

Free Essays on The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution The Industrial revolution was a time of dramatic changes, from hand tools and handmade items, to products which were mass produced by machines. Workers became more productive with their new machines, and since more items were manufactured, prices dropped, making hard to make items available to not only the rich, but the poor also. Life improved, but the industrial revolution also caused some problems. Pollution increased, working conditions were harmful, and people employed women and young children, and made them work long and hard hours. The Industrial Revolution was a time for big changes. The Industrial Revolution started in England around 1733 with the first cotton mill. As new inventions were being created, factories followed soon after. England wanted to keep its industrialization a secret, so they prohibited anyone who had worked in a factory to leave the country. Meanwhile, Americans offered a large reward to anyone who could build a cotton-spinning machine in the United States. Samuel Slater, who had worked in an English cotton factory, disguised himself and came to America. Once here, he reconstructed a cotton-spinning machine from what he remembered. He then went on and created a factory of his own. The Industrial Revolution had arrived in the United States. The cotton gin was invented by Eli Whitney in1793. It was a machine for getting seeds out of cotton. Where before the seeds had to be picked by hand, slaves used the machines to significantly increase production. Later on, Whitney became quite famous for building muskets with interchangeable parts. These were the easiest and fastest guns to make. They became very popular due to their lower cost. Another man who helped the Industrial Revolution was Robert Fulton who invented the steam engine. Robert Fulton was a famous inventor and engineer. His engine was used to power steamboats all over the United States. He built a paddle... Free Essays on The Industrial Revolution Free Essays on The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution The Industrial revolution was a time of dramatic changes, from hand tools and handmade items, to products which were mass produced by machines. Workers became more productive with their new machines, and since more items were manufactured, prices dropped, making hard to make items available to not only the rich, but the poor also. Life improved, but the industrial revolution also caused some problems. Pollution increased, working conditions were harmful, and people employed women and young children, and made them work long and hard hours. The Industrial Revolution was a time for big changes. The Industrial Revolution started in England around 1733 with the first cotton mill. As new inventions were being created, factories followed soon after. England wanted to keep its industrialization a secret, so they prohibited anyone who had worked in a factory to leave the country. Meanwhile, Americans offered a large reward to anyone who could build a cotton-spinning machine in the United States. Samuel Slater, who had worked in an English cotton factory, disguised himself and came to America. Once here, he reconstructed a cotton-spinning machine from what he remembered. He then went on and created a factory of his own. The Industrial Revolution had arrived in the United States. The cotton gin was invented by Eli Whitney in1793. It was a machine for getting seeds out of cotton. Where before the seeds had to be picked by hand, slaves used the machines to significantly increase production. Later on, Whitney became quite famous for building muskets with interchangeable parts. These were the easiest and fastest guns to make. They became very popular due to their lower cost. Another man who helped the Industrial Revolution was Robert Fulton who invented the steam engine. Robert Fulton was a famous inventor and engineer. His engine was used to power steamboats all over the United States. He built a paddle...

Glass beads Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Glass beads - Essay Example Its unit of measuring is in gallons and it costs $7.16 per. It is mainly used for finishing and requires a dry wall that is level 5 finished. It is also meant for walls such as living rooms. It is very lasting and has fewer odors. This type of paint is not designed for roads and this is the reason why it was not chosen over Hotline dry latex traffic making paint white. Alkyd interior trim enamel, semi gloss is the third paint available in the market. It costs $8.38 per unit and is known to give the best professional quality. Some of its characteristics include mild dew resistance, and an excellent stain remover. It is very fast drying and has durable enamel which is good for protecting both the exterior and the interior walls and surfaces against abrasion that is repeated and any other chemical that might come across the walls. This type of paint is not designed for roads and this is the reason why it was not chosen over Hotline dry latex traffic making paint white. Alkyd (oil) inter ior trim enamel, gloss is also a paint that is on the price list. It is $8.54 per unit and is mainly meant for interior design of walls. It is less sticky and has less odor compared to other paints. The paint is slightly thick and come in a variety of colors. This type of paint is not designed for roads and this is the reason why it was not chosen over Hotline dry latex traffic making paint whit

Human Resource Development Plan for Glaxo SmithKline Company Case Study

Human Resource Development Plan for Glaxo SmithKline Company - Case Study Example â€Å"Along with the changes in manufacturing processes and priorities came the realization that the necessary flexibility could be best achieved through skilled workers with knowledge of the technical aspects of production, as well as the abilities to attain maximum effectiveness within the company† (Byrne, 1999, pg1) According to Rouda and Kusy, the definition of HRD is "organized learning activities arranged within an organization in order to improve performance and/or personal growth for the purpose of improving the job, the individual, and/or the organization" (1995, 1). As the trend in the industry is again slowly shifting from the ‘industrial age’ to the ‘information age’ it has become ever more important to capture all the benefits that a sound Human resource Development plan brings. Amongst other things, it helps you create a satisfied, loyal and committed workforce that is intrinsically motivated to give their best performance. It also helps you in countering the complexities of human nature and helps your employees navigate life situations with would otherwise impact your organization's goal-seeking endeavors. HRD is also an organization's best chance to acquire, evaluate and retain its best performers. Through careful monitoring of the organization culture and the employees who have the ability to enhance it or improve from it can separate and focus on the ‘best’ employees. By nurturing their skills, an organization will benefit from their combined knowledge, experience and ideas as well as maintain a core workforce which can help in training and recruiting similarly talented people. This concept has become even more crucial with the latest trends in the worker lifecycle; no longer are there ‘jobs for life’- people require more than just job safety and monetary benefits from their employers, they need a sense of involvement, accomplishment, job flexibility, additional perks and to feel  committed to an organization's goals.  

Cash Flows Essay Example for Free

Cash Flows Essay â€Å"The statement of cash flows reports the cash receipts, cash payments, and net change in cash resulting from operating, investing, and financing activities during a period† (Weygandt, Kimmel, Kieso, 2010, p. 614). Companies are required to prepare a statement of cash flow because it contains important information about the company that deems useful for external sources, such as investors, to make educated decisions about a company. The information contained in the cash flow, such as the company’s ability to generate cash and meet obligations, assists creditors and investors to determine the adequate decision regarding extending credit or investing. The statement of cash flows is divided into three sections: Operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities (Weygandt, et al, 2010). Each of these sections have reflect their own characteristics of transactions and other events. First, operating activities include transactions that create revenues and expenses; these are included in the determination of net income (Weygandt, et al, 2010). Second, investing activities has two purposes: includes the acquisition and disposing of investments and property, plant, and equipment, and lending money and collecting the loans (Weygandt, et al, 2010). Third, financing activities include two purposes: obtaining cash from issuing debt and repaying the amounts borrowed, and obtaining cash from stockholders, repurchasing shares, and paying dividends (Weygandt, et al, 2010, p. 615). Operating activities, which include income statement items are: Cash inflows – from sale of goods and services, and from interest received from dividends received; Cash outflows – to suppliers for inventory, employees for services, and others for expenses (Weygandt, Kimmel, Kieso, 2010, p. 616). Investing activities – investments and long-term assets: Cash inflows – from sale of property, plant, and equipment, and collections on loans to other entities; Cash outflows – to purchase property, plant, and equipment, purchase investments in debt, and making loans to other entities (Weygandt,  Kimmel, Kieso, 2010, p. 616). Financing activities involves long-term liabilities and stockholders’ equity: Cash inflows – from sale of common stock, and from issuance of long-term debt; Cash outflows – to stockholders as dividends, and to redeem long-term debt or reacquire capital stock (Weygandt, Kimmel, Kieso, 2010, p. 616). References Weygandt, J. J., Kimmel, P. D., Kieso, D. E. (2010). Financial accounting (7th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

Capital Punishment: Not Cruel and Not Unusual Essay -- Pro Death Penal

Capital punishment and the practice of the death penalty is an issue that is passionately debated in the United States. Opponents of the death penalty claim that capital punishment is unnecessary since a life sentence accomplishes the same objective. What death penalty opponents neglect to tell you is that convicted murders and child rapists escape from prison every year(List of prison escapes, 2015). As I write this essay, police are searching for two convicted murders who escaped from the Clinton Correctional Facility in New York on June 6th, 2015. The ONLY punishment from which one cannot escape is capital punishment. As the world is changing, so are people’s views on the death penalty. Some think that it does not follow the 8th amendment and that Americans should abolish it. Even though, a number of people do not wish to have the death penalty, in reality it has been around for centuries all over the world. In fact, the only thing that has changed about it is the crimes deemed punishable by death and the methods used to kill those found guilty (Wolf 21). Although, there are some flaws with the way the justice system administers the death penalty, it is a necessary punishment used to stop the worst possible criminals. The death penalty has a lot of history to it. Over the years, a variation of methods of been used in different countries. Some methods that have been used and some that are still used today: be-headings, hangings, gassing, electrocution, lynching, shootings, and lethal injections. As the years passed, the process of executing criminals change due to what people thought was cruel. In this time, lethal injection is the most common technique used in the United States with a select few states stil... ...-1.htm>. Death Penalty Curricula for High School, . "Michigan State University Comm Tech Lab and Death Penalty Information Center.." deathpenaltycurriculum.org. N.p., 2014. Web. 8 May 2015. . Fisanick, Nick. The Ethics of Capital Punishment. New York: Green Haven Press, 2005. Print. "http://law.jrank.org/pages/5002/Capital-Punishment-COSTSCAPITALPUNISHMENT.html.† law.jrank.org. N.p., 2011. Web. 6 May 2015. . "List of prison escapes" Wikipedia 2015. Web. 8 June 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prison_escapes Williams, Mary. Is the Death Penalty Fair?. San Diego: Green Haven Press, 2003. Print. Wolf, Robert. Capital Punishment. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 1997. Print.

School Prayer

Amy Hua English 1A TTh 1:45-3:10 Professor Marvin School Prayer Annie Laurie Gaylor argues against school prayer in her article â€Å"The Case against School Prayer† (Elements of Arguments, 679). When religion is included in daily school routines, it divides students into different beliefs. Public schools are meant to be open for all people to get an education, but not to influence them into a new religion. Requiring students to practice prayer in public schools is a violation of Freedom of Religion.Public schools should not practice prayer because there is a diversity of religions in the United States and the Constitution of the First Amendment. Students in public schools get distracted from judgment of religion, but that is why there are places where schools may freely practice religion, such as private schools. Due to the diversity of religions, along with dissimilar practices, schools should continue their public structure leaving religion entirely out. Public schools educ ate the belief of God, which might (for example) be the religion of Catholicism.High schools, Middle schools, and maybe even Elementary schools that practice a certain religion might offend or hurt other religions. â€Å"When religion has invaded our public school system, it has singled out the lone Jewish student, the class Unitarian or agnostic, the children in the minority† (Gaylor 679-680). The United States has a vast variety of religions that include Buddhist, Christian, Catholic, Hinduism, Islam, etc. There are also those Atheists who do not believe in any God. Each belief practices different events that may contrast.For instance, Christians rejoice to the Lord on Christmas day as a result of the birth of Jesus Christ, whereas, Buddhists pay their respects to the dead. â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. (First Amendment, Bill of Rights, U. S. Constitution)† The First Amendment is th e Freedom of Religion, press, and expression. Praying at schools not only excludes the students who do not believe in God, but also disrespects them by not allowing freedom of other religions.Forced into prayer does not verbally influence the student to believe in God, but it still implies that you cannot or should not practice a different religion. Most of the rules in public schools are useful: do not use profanity, attend school, and do your best at anything you set your mind to. No matter what the religion, these rules are useful to everyone and are universal to all countries because each one agrees with them. Teaching students about religion would be equivalent to converting them towards the American Republican Party or Democratic-Republican Party.For schools today, it is dishonest for teachers to promote subject during class period. Instructors cannot force what is not universal because of the different beliefs each religion practices. There will be disagreements among singula r religions because there is not only one type of prayer system. There is a place for religion in schools. Private schools were made to eliminate the government from its system, so they are independent. Although students in public schools should be allowed to have personal prayers, there are also private schools and universities that focus on certain viewpoints on religion.If required, some private schools are given permission to freely practice their own religion. For example, Messiah College and John Brown University concentrate on Bible studies as much as other electives. It is more of an option to attend private schools, like Messiah College, so the student should know what he or she is signing up for. However, public schools are for all students to learn gender education. Therefore, no assumption of religion should be taught as a part of general education.As a child, I was enrolled into private Christian school by my parents. My parents and I were aware of the education I was b eing taught by the teachers and the sharing of general education and Bible studies. In â€Å"The Case against School Prayer†, Gaylor says â€Å"People should be judged by their actions, not by what religion they believe in or how publicly or loudly they pray† (82). Not only do people get distracted from judgment, but also from their studies from far most important subjects.With religion being in the same studies as Math and Science, students are unable to concentrate in studies that will mainly shape their future. Prayer can be harmful in many ways, depending on how much the school interoperates it daily. When I attended a Christian school during Kindergarten through fifth grade, I was required to announce the Pledge of Allegiance. But when my parents decided to take me out of Christian school and enroll me into public school, the Pledge of Allegiance was still mandatory to say.My parents, who converted into Buddhism, were offended that I still had to intentionally wor ship God. Annie Gaylor and, not to mention, Jesus had the same opinion for not allowing public schools to teach religion. â€Å"†¦when thou prayest, enter into thy closet, and when thou hast shut thy door, pray to thy Father which is in secret† (Bible, Matt. 6:5-6). School prayers add conflict to education in many ways. As a result of the vast amount of religions in the United States, there are conflicts caused my disagreements of religion. Japan, where no one prays at school, had the lowest crime rate of any developed nation† (Gaylor, 683). Religion should only be taught in private schools or organizations. The First Amendment was made for Freedom of religion, press, and expression, meaning that everyone has a right to pray, but not for public schools to convert the students into believe a certain religion. I strongly agree on Gaylor’s viewpoints of school prayers because I was felt in the same situation in the past. Public schools should stay open to diffe rent religions.

John Wayne Gacy Research Paper - 1253 Words

John Wayne Gacy John Wayne Gacy was known as â€Å"The Killer Clown† and â€Å"Pogo The Clown â€Å". He was a serial killer that sexually assaulted and tortured and murdered 33 teenage boys. Gacy’s father beat him and his siblings if they misbehaved with a razor strap. He was unable to play with children at school because of his heart condition his father said it was a disappointment. He had a antisocial personality disorder which is a long term mental condition that often is criminal. He was often bullied by the neighborhood bullies of his disorder being overweight and uncouth his disorder prevented from him acting good in school. He was to himself over his school years he didnt have a lot of friends and couldn’t play sports his sister taught him to†¦show more content†¦The business college went to helped him get most of these people to trust of him because he became a smooth talker and very persuasive most of his neighbors saw him leaving a returning at all times day and night and a lot of young men going into his house some were male prostitutes they were never seen again. He was killing them and burying them under his house in the crawl space but the police were closing in on him and he was running out of room under his house. One of his last murders was when he got a 20 year old after a thanksgiving dinner. After him and his wife got a divorce because of him being bisexual people that lived around him started to notice that their was a stench in the neighborhood around this time rumors were coming around saying he was molesting teenage boys. Most of the boys he killed were looking for job opportunities and went to talk to him about getting a job which was probably meeting him somewhere secluded or at his house this was really easy for him to kill them. The last known killing was Robert Piest he was killed talking to gacy about a job and someone notified the police about his disappearance and they went to talk to gacy and ended up getting a search warrant and they found several bodies he finally admitted to 33 killings and arrested they found Robert Piest near a lockShow MoreRelatedSerial Killers, Ted Bundy And John Wayne Gacy1588 Words   |  7 PagesKEISER UNIVERSITY Killer Stories H.H. Holmes, â€Å"Ted† Bundy John Wayne Gacy Faraz Garcia 10/16/2017 â€Æ' Abstract When you tell children scary stories they shouldn’t be able to come true but unfortunately for the people victimized by the vicious killers in this paper those horror stories did come true. 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The media alters the way a person will view an incident because the source will only

The Reason Of Financial Crisis Happened In American Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 25 Words: 7369 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Cause and effect essay Did you like this example? With the countries developing, people earn and get more and more money, and then they need to keep their money safe in a financial organization, which leads banks becoming. Normally, banks are primarily constitute by financial institutions that were exist some key functions such as accept deposits, take loans, money exchange, long-distance transfer money and others. All of these were appeared in Chinese Song Dynasty that during 960 and 1279. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Reason Of Financial Crisis Happened In American Finance Essay" essay for you Create order In 1823, Shanxi Banks became so popular, as a first bank in Chinese banks history. Their main functions were transferring large amounts of cash, introducing drafts from one branch to another in China. While, at the end of nineteenth century, 66.7 percentage of Piaohao were existed in most parts of China, which is a kind of bank. In Piaohao, it organised as single partnerships and the owners carried unlimited liability as a nationwide bank. In addition, there were many small native banks becoming during that time period, such as Qianzhuang. In the mid-eighteenth century, the first Qianzhuang likes a bank, which was traced in markets. Most of the Qianzhuang operated like commercial banks, which exchanged bills, managed local money exchange and discounted for the local business community in order to contrast with Piaohao. In Chinese banks history, Qianzhuang played an important role between banks and Chinese merchants; it grew many Chinese expansions in foreign trade. Then in earl y 1890s, western banks entered China. Li Hongzhang created a first foreign-Chinese joint bank in 1885, the Qing Dynasty. In 1897, Imperial Bank of China opened as a first modern bank for business, which was adopted internal management ways of HSBC and their senior managers were foreigners. While, it changed its English name in 1921, which called Commercial Bank of China. In 1905, the first Chinese central bank (Bank of the Board of Revenue) was established but it changed name to the Great Qing Government Bank after 3 years later. With the Piaohao all disappeared in 1911, Daqing Bank changed their name to Bank of China that still continued exist today. In the late of Qing period, there were three private banks (Xincheng Bank, National Commercial Bank, Ningbo Commercial and Savings Bank) appeared, which were created by private entrepreneurs without funding. And in 1912, the Bank of China was founded by the Government of the Republic of China, but its established until 1942. From the Northern Expedition to the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, which has been described, a golden decade in Chinese banks history. Modern Chinese banks allowed many industries loans and offered loans to rural areas. In December of 1948, the first Peoples Republic of China established and also the name used more than 30 years. While, 1949, the republic of China was established and then the Chinese banking systems also changed a lot. After the Chinese civil war, the central bank of China effectively raised inflation and also bring the nations finances under central control from 1949 to 1952. However, over that term, the banking systems were modified in order to suit the varying environments and new policies. In addition, the banking system was extended and diversified to meet the modification programs and the banking activities, during the 1980s. Since 1949, Chinese people build up their personal savings accounts in order to reduce the demand of goods and raise the amount of cap ital for investment, which under the Chinas leaders urged. In 1950s, the Agricultural Bank was created to facilitate financial operations in the rural areas. In the countryside savings were deposited with the rural credit cooperatives, which could be found in most towns and villages. On 1st October of 1954, Peoples Construction Bank of China (CCB) was built but in March of 1996, it was changed name to China Construction Bank. In the middle of 1980s, urban credit cooperatives related to the Chinese banking system. While, at that time period, the banking system still lacked some of the services and characteristics, only a few people used saving accounts and credit cards then in 1986, the first credit card (Great Wall) was created in order to change this situation. In 1979, China created the first foreign bank and in 1999 the Peoples Bank of China (PBOC) expanded their local currency to foreign banks. In January of 1984, the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Ltd. (ICBC) has a limited company. Until 1987, the Chinese banking system included: Peoples Bank of China, Agricultural Bank, Bank of China, China Investment Bank, China Industrial and Commercial Bank, Peoples Construction Bank, Communications Bank, Peoples Insurance Company of China, Rural Credit Cooperatives and Urban Credit Cooperatives. In 2001, China entered into the World Trade Organization (WTO) that means Chinese banking system will become more competitive with other countries; it must be followed by the rule of WTO. And also, the structure of the banking organization was modified to suit the changing conditions and some new polices. Actually, when China went into WTO, consumers became worldwide, they purchase broad goods that made in China then it increased Chinese demand of goods and stimulated economic growth. In addition, the Chinese banking system can take loans, exchanged money to foreign banks or foreigners. When China entered into the WTO, it must be open their bank sector s to foreign banks in next five years. Then from 2001 to 2006, China allowed foreign banks to do business with foreign-invested companies and foreign individuals such as PBOC opened their branches to allow foreign-funded banks. Although, China has a slow started, it has already fulfil the WTO conditions nearly end of 2006. Because China opened its door for foreign countries then it got a rush growth of economic and GDP but it also took some risk, such as the global financial crisis in 2008. We all know, the global financial crisis happened in U.S. then it influenced to global. While, comparing to American, Chinese Banks got a less affected by the financial crisis that will show in graphs1, 2 and 3 in section 2.3.1, which are the interest rates and mortgage loan rates in China and America. Also in appendix, there are balance sheets, income statements and cash flows. We can see and compare these figures clearly in these graphs and tables, which was changed less than American banks from 2007 to 2011. In addition, there are many other figure results to illustrate the Chinese Agricultural Bank got less affected by the financial crisis than American banks. The writer will introduce more details in main body. In this essay, the writer main explain why was the Chinese Agricultural Bank less affected by the Financial crisis compared with the American Banks? First of all, the writer introduced the Chinese banking systems developing in the introduction. In the main body, the writer divided into 5 detail parts: firstly, the writer will give out a definition of financial crisis and explain why the financial crisis happened in American. Secondly, she will find out some difference between Chinese Banks and American banks in banking systems and policies. In this part, the main way is to analysis some data and balance sheets to prove the writers opinion. Thirdly, from above analysis and conclusion, the writer will describe some influences and changes by the financial crisis in Chinese Agricultural Bank. On the Fourth, the writer will discuss the Chinese Agricultural Banks disadvantages, and also some advantages in American banks. At the last part in main body, the writer will give out her opinion or advice about the Chinese Banking systems future developing and how to solve or avoid the financial crisis happen again. Then at last part, the writer will make a summary about this essay and her opinion. Literature Review Since 2008 when financial crisis occurred, the topic of why financial crisis happened is thoroughly discussed and researched from different aspects. A. Turner [1] concluded that the crisis is due to the interplay between macroeconomic imbalances and the development of financial market. Excessive saving rates in developing countries leaded to the explosion of macro imbalances which in turn triggered the financial development. Securitized credit instruments are the core of the innovation and expansion in the financial market. J.B. Taylor [2] held the opinion that frequently monetary excesses are the cause of the crisis which is the same with the classic explanation for financial crisis. The loose fitting monetary policy from 2000 to 2006 is blamed for stimulating the financial crisis. House boom also is the key element in the process of building up to financial crisis. C. M. Reinhart and K. S. Rogoff [3] examined the crisis in 2008 through the all the historical record to see whether this crisis is an unusual problem compared with previous banking crisis after WWII. Results show that they share several similarities both in quantitative and qualitative aspects. Petro-dollar plays an important role in forming the account surpluses. All of the paper mentioned above discussed the cause of financial crisis from the economic aspects, R. B. Adams [4] analysed the impact of weak governance on financial firm in this crisis. The research reveals that recent governance reforms should also be blamed for its insufficient supervision. Several suggestions are given in terms of improving the management of financial firms especially banks. Since 2008, the aftermath of financial crisis emerged gradually which presented a different social and economic patterns compared with previous years. However the actual effects vary from each regions and different countries due to their characteristics in economic and political systems. M. Castells et al [5] look at the culture transforma tion after financial crisis which includes economic culture and political culture. The profiles of the world in post financial crisis are described in details. C. M. Reinhart and K. S. Rogoff [6] use data of many countries to show the changes of several key indicators throughout the crisis such as housing prices and equity price. Most importantly, governments debt exploded mainly because of the collapse in tax revenues and economic contractions. The rises of debts in the future are also estimated with a conservative view. P. Berkmen et al [7] in 2009 exlpained the different impact of financial crisis on ranging of developing countries and markets. The research aims to understand the impact through investigate a small set of variables and parameters. Eventually results revealed that the countries with domestic financial system of more leveraged and faster credit growth are more likely to be affected by the financial crisis. A large decline in their growth outlook has higher chance of occurrence. To be more specific, the impact of financial crisis on each individual country is well researched. China is studied by Ligang Liu in 2009 [8] by showing empirical evidence and quantifying the effect from different aspects in China. Data of Investment share, Growth in exports, inward FDI (Foreign Direct investment) and private consumption expenditure during 1980 to 2008 illustrate the trends and changes of Chinese economy throughout the financial crisis. And also the fiscal stimulus package that was conducted by Chinese government is discussed with respect to its influence and side effects. J.Ghosh et al [9] at the same time evaluated the extent that Indian suffered from the recession. Writer criticised the opinion that Indian would less affected by this crisis and pointed out that the economic development in India depends on global integration. Hence the economic system becomes vulnerable to both internal and external crisis. As we can see from the previous paragraph s, the impact of financial crisis has reached almost every country and market in the world. The whole incident involves from a national crisis to international and global crisis. For a specific country, the influences cover every corner ranging from economic, political to social and financial aspect. Especially on economic aspect which has been discussed above, direct influence is obvious and significant. While banking systems is a fundamental element and representative in economic and financial system, it also has been paid a lot of attentions in terms of its changes and impact. M. Clerides and C. Stephanou [10] introduce the changes of the banking systems in Cyprus after the financial crisis. The writers pointed out that banking system should be cautious of disproportionally expansion (which is relative to the economys size) for domestic banks. Policy responses that have been taken to date by the government are also presented. Similarly the impact of financial crisis on the bankin g system of Kazakhstan is demonstrated by V. Anichshenko [11], in which the consequences of the crisis and resolution of it are also mentioned accordingly. Suggestions are given in order to stabilize the economy and avoid the default of banks. According to the literature review, the solutions and suggestions that have been given share great similarities in terms of financial regulation reform. Lessons are learned from the past failure. For instance, Tuner [1] held the opinion that regulators were concentrated too much on the institution by institutions regulation of idiosyncratic risk and central banks were mainly focused on monetary policy which was tightly defined to meet inflation targets. Current supervision failed to take large current deficit, rapid credit extension and house price increase and the purchase of mortgage securities in to consideration as a whole. Hence the overall system risk climbs along with the development of financial market. Novel approach to capital ade quacy, liquidity and regulation by economics substance are the three most important and fundamental methods needs to be implemented. For more details, please refer to the paper written by Tuner. However, not all the advices are exactly the same due to the different economic system and condition in different countries [12]. The research aims to analyse the impact of financial crisis on Chinese banking systems and provide practical advices to the future development of Chinese banking systems. Hence the corresponding solutions and advices for Chinese banking systems should take into their own characteristic into consideration. China, as the second large economic entity in the world and closely connected with the American in many aspects, is also significantly influenced by the financial crisis. William H. Overholt [13] evaluated the extent that China was affected by the financial crisis and introduced the policy and strategies that were implemented during the financial crisis. Altho ugh the stimulus package successfully help the Chinese economy recover from the big recession, systematic problems still remain unsolved. Especially in the banking systems, E. Geretto and R. Pauluzzo [14] pointed out the disadvantages of Chinese banking system and the possibilities of improvement in the future. At the same time, J. Du and S. Girma examined Chinese banking industry from the parameters of cost economies, efficiency and productivity growth. Both of the papers reveal the potential of Chinese banking system in dealing with financial crisis in the future. Based on the literature review, in the past few years, there arent a lot of works focusing on comparing the banking systems between China and America. Not to mention that the Chinese and American banking systems are discussed together under the background of financial crisis. Main Body According to the Chinese banking systems history, the writer will mainly describe Chinese Agricultural Banks in the financial crisis. 2.1 The reason of Financial Crisis happened in American In 2008, we all know, the global financial crisis happened and it leaded to worst influence in the world, which made a lot of people lose their jobs and many companies went bankrupt and other bad situations. The financial crisis made many people and companies worried their current situation. What is financial crisis? How it made a bad situation in the world? Actually, when some financial institutions or assets suddenly lose a large part of their value, this phenomenon called financial crisis. It was triggered by liquidity short term fall down in the United States banking system and it was resulted in the collapse of large financial institutions, such as the financial crisis in 2008 was beginning under financial institutions fail in United States, then the failed financial institutions d riven by houses bubble. Because Americans house price grew up rapidly and also government used credit or encourage more people to get credit in banks to purchase or rent assets. During that term, Americans banks provided more convenient conditions to take people get loan easily and banks need to take more risk. While, at that time, Federal Reserve System increased interest rate then US houses market dropped down, the mortgages (houses) were less than their true value, which leaded high percentage of default then banks have higher risk. This situation called houses bubble collapsed, which rose to subprime financial or mortgage crisis in 2006. It caused the values of securities tied and damaged financial institutions globally. In order to transfer these risks, American banks created some innovative methods: MBS (Mortgage Backed Security), CDS (Credit Default Swaps) and CDO (Collateralized Debt Obligations) to attract global companies appreciate. The MBS is a bond that likes a pool of mortgages to pay by homeowners. CDS is a kind of credit derivative market, which includes interest rate swaps and foreign exchange swaps. CDO is a kind of structure asset-backed security; the debt obligations are including loans and bonds. Lehman Brothers hold a lot of MBS, CDO and CDS bonds, when Americans houses price decrease, all of the bonds must be shift to debt and then Lehman cannot take these bonds to invest or buy any goods. Their current liabilities were higher than current cash flow then it went to bankrupt. After the Bear Stearns bankruptcy in March 2008, Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. was falling down that is a significant event that leading to the 2008 global financial crisis. The Lehman Brothers bankruptcy was leaded by the Americans subprime mortgage crisis; it was not only a fourth largest investment bank in US but also a global financial services firm, which connected with many countries financial organizations. When it went bankruptcy, a huge number of compa nies fall in trouble then this pushed the global financial crisis happened in 2008. Actually, in the introduction of this essay, the writer introduced China jointed into WTO in 2001 and after next 5 years, China finished the condition that most foreign company in China. This raised Chinese import and export trading business. When the financial crisis happened in American, then China also got some influence in many parts such as Chinese banks. 2.2 Banking systems in American and China (Big Four) The reasons that financial crisis happened are indicated in section 2.1. But what is the exact impact of financial crisis on banking system in terms of their annual performance and financial balance sheet? Before analysis the influence by the financial crisis on banking systems, we need to know the banking systems in American and China first, and then find out some difference between them. There is really interesting, the two countries are all existing Big Four in banking system. However, it is totally different, not only their names but also their baking systems and business. 2.2.1 Chinese Big Four In China, the Big Four banks included Agricultural Bank of China (ABC), the Bank of China (BOC), Industrial and commercial Bank of China (ICBC) and Peoples Construction Bank or China Constructions Bank (CCB). The Big Four had the primary responsibility to fund the countrys state-owned enterprises in the 1990s in China. Then the writer will introduce them respectively. ICBC is the largest lender of assets in China and also the youngest in the Big Four. It was founded in 1984 and issued the primary bank card in 1989. Since 1991, the ICBC was gained federal approval to establish a branch in New York City. As the first one in China, the ICBC established a branch outside of China in 1992 and opened a branch in Europe after 3 years. ICBC was Chinas first step as a representative in the international banking area and in 2008; it became the 2nd Chinese bank. The Bank of China (BOC) was founded in 1912 and it took responsibility of allocating foreign exchange reserves, setting the exchange rates under the Chinese currency, arranging foreign loans and other foreign operations. In 1928, the Chinese Central Bank of China replaced its role then the BOC became a purely commercial bank. In December of 2010, the Bank of China as a first Chinese bank to offer RMB products in New York. The BOC is the largest lender to non-institutions and foreign exchange lender in China. ABC is primarily focus on retail banking as Chinese 3rd largest lender by assets. It was founded in 1951 to assist financial operations in the rural areas then it provided financial supports to agricultural units, loans, handled state appropriations, directed the operations of rural credit cooperatives and carried out overall supervision of rural financial affairs. The rural credit cooperatives are small-scale financial services in country side, such as this kind of small sca le need to follow uniform state banking policies but it acted as an independent unit for accounting purposes. CCB was managed state and loans for capital construction but it reformed policy in order to increase the responsibility and activities in banking system. Then it has shifted the main activity of investment funding from the government budget to bank loans. The China Constructions Bank checked the loan recipients to ensure the funds were used for their designated construction purpose. CCB is a member of the Global ATM Alliance, which means, under the Global ATM Alliance, CCB can joint venture in several major international banks, it allows customers use the ATM card or check card at another bank without any charging fees. 2.2.2 American Big Four Unlike Japan and United Kingdom only have one bank regulator that authority over the banking, securities and insurance industries is combined into one single financial service agency, but United States regulated at both the fe deral and state level in banking system. The central banking system of the United States called the Federal Reserve System and the Great Depression as a major factor to lead changes in this system. In today, the Federal Reserve Systems duties to conduct the nations monetary policy, supervise and regulate banking institutions, maintain the stability of the financial system and provide financial services to depository institutions. In American, the Big Four called: JPMorgan Chase, Bank of American, Citigroup, and Wells Fargo. According to assets in United States, the JPMorgan Chase is the largest bank. It mainly works multinational, which likes banking corporation of securities, investments and retail. There are mainly six business segments in JPMorgan Chase: card services and consumer lending, commercial banking, investment banking, asset management, corporate, treasury securities services and other personal and business banking operations. Bank of America (BA) is also a multinational bank and financial services corporation. It was the worlds largest wealth management corporation as a major player in investment banking market in 2008. It also a member of Global ATM Alliance as China Construction Bank then when people get an ATM card in BA but used in CCB, they do not need to pay any more charge. Then in 2005, Bank of America got 9% stake in China Construction Bank (CCB). Actually under the Global ATM Alliance, a lot of international banks connected with other banks. Citigroup (Citi) is a multinational financial services corporation headquarter in US as a 3rd largest retail bank that based on deposits. In the Citigroup, US government engineered at least 4 different rescues. And it was one of the worlds largest mergers that combining huge Citicorp and financial business. Citibank as one part of Citigroup is the largest bank, credit cards issuer and charge cards in the United States. It is also the first and only one international bank without any cooperation with Chinese domestic banks to issue credit cards used its own brand. With the subprime mortgage crisis began, Citigroup was exposure into toxic mortgages in CDOS and also under poor risk management then led Citi into serious trouble. Under these reasons, in 2008 the global financial crisis, Citigroup took huge losses but it got a massive stimulus from US government to rescue. Although the Citi took huge losses, it built up a giant cash reserve 420 billion. The Wells Fargo was mainly focus on operations in the world as a multinational diversified financial services company then then Wells Fargo Bank is primary focus on US operating subsidiary. It is the largest bank by market capitalization with over 80 different financial services. 2.3 Financial crisis in American and China (ÃÆ' ©Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"ÃÆ' ¨Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ±ÃƒÆ' ¦Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å" ºÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ½ÃƒÆ' ¦Ãƒ ¢ â‚ ¬Ã‚ ¢Ã‚ °ÃƒÆ' ¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ®ÃƒÆ' §Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒâ€¹Ã…“ÃÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢-) From above, we can get more details information about Chinese and American Big Four banks. Then the writer will take the banks performance graphs to illustrate the exact impact by the financial crisis on banking systems. Firstly, the writer according to the Chinese and American banks annual performance from pre-financial crisis to post financial crisis, get a summary and graphs to prove that Chinese banks got less influence than American by the financial crisis. 2.3.1 First to introduce the Central bank of Chinas loan rate and interest rate to compare with American (Federal Reserve System) Following section 2.2, we get these banks business clearly. In order to make the conclusion clearly and simplicity, the writer separates these banks into 4 parts: ABC to Citigroup, CCB to BA, BOC to JPMorgan Chase and Industrial Commercial Bank to Wells Fargo, be cause they are doing similar main banking business, such as: the Agricultural Bank of China and Citigroup are mainly doing retail banking business and the same to others. Before comparing them separately, we need to know the interest rate on loans. In China, the Central Bank (Peoples Public of China) publishes loan rate according to consumers supply and demand chain, economic environment and other reasons. Because the loan rate changed like with 4 different period times: less than 6 months, between 6 months to 1 year, 1year to 5 years and up to 5 years, then the writer only make one graph clearly to illustrate result. From 2007 to 2011, the loan rate changed in China under below graph that same as the interest rate and deposit rate. In the graph, the Central Bank changed rate nearly more than 5 times per year, especially from 2008 to 2010 the financial crisis period. In 2008, the loan rate changed dramatically that shows on the graph. At the beginning of 2008, it dropped a lit tle but start at July, the loan rate felled down sharply that is under 5% in the less than 6 months loan rate. However, from September 2010, the Central Bank of China started to increase the rate. According to describe the loan rate of China, Federal Reserve System also control the interest rate on loans in America. Below the graph, we see the interest rate on loans dropped dramatically from 2007 when the housing prices went down, which reached 3.25% until 2009 then got stabilized to 2011. In American Interest Rates graph, the interest rate reached 0.25% as historic lowest from 2009 to 2010. The lower interest rate made consumers borrow money for investment because it makes consumers disposable income increase and then increased the demand of items to stimulant economy. Comparing to the changes of interest rates, we can get the Chinese banking systems influenced less than American, because from 2008 to 2009, the interest rate in China got a little bit climbing. And also at the end of 2010, the interest rate increased dramatically. That means the Chinese economic recovery from 2011. On the contrary, the American interest rate still keep historic lowest from 2009 until now that is easily to illustrate the Chinese banking systems got less influenced by the financial crisis than American. Of course, there are many details in the Big Four banking to certify this consequence, in section 2.3.1; the writer will describe them separately. 2.3.1 Their Big Four balance sheets In todays, most banks are doing many area businesses such as commercial, investment, retail and others, and also their businesses are not divided clearly. In order to compare the influenced by financial crisis, the writer will compare them separately that according to their main business then divided them into some groups. Actually, when the financial crisis happened that influenced many areas such as share price, mortgage loans, interest rates and unemployment rates and others. Then a mong all of the areas, the most significant ones are chosen to show the impacts of financial crisis. The first compare group is the Agricultural Bank of China (ABC) to Citigroup under their main business of retail banking, which is implement transactions with consumers directly not to other banks or corporations. It includes personal loans, savings, mortgages, transactional accounts, debit and credit cards. With these businesses, the financial crisis was influence in personal loans, savings, mortgages and credit cards. Then the writer compares them in Resident Mortgage Loans, Net Income, Number of Employees and other parts to explain the Agricultural Bank of China got less affected. ABC share price Citigroup share price From above Resident Mortgage Loans, the Agricultural Bank of Chinas personal mortgage loans were increasing dramatically but the Citigroups showed a slow and continuous decrease that means when Chinese Central Bank drop the interest rate from 6.5% to 5 % in 2007-2009, it took an outstanding result in stimulate resident mortgage loans but in contrary with Citigroup. No doubt, the financial crisis made heavily unemployment. Then under the number of employees in ABC and Citigroup, we can see the ABCs employees not changed too much from 2007 to 2011 but in Citigroup, the number of employees decreased obviously during 2007-2009. That means, the Citigroup unemployment rate raised greatly during the financial crisis. Although the Net Income in income statements has influenced by many parts, it released to negative of Citigroup in 2008 that mainly affected by the financial crisis. Comparing to ABC, the net income still keep positive from 2007 to 2010. From the history and graph of share price in ABC, it went public with A (Shanghai Stock Exchange) and H (Hong Kong Stock Exchange) in July 2010, then we cannot see the share price in above. However, in the above graph, we can see the Citigroups share price was dropping down sharply from 500 to 45 from 2007 to 2009. Secondly, the China Constructions Bank (CCB) and the Bank of America (BA), they are mainly focused on investment banking. The investing banks support individuals, government and corporations to increase their capital. Under the financial crisis, Bank of America got badly hurt but Chinese Constructions Bank is still earning money with the Chinese economy expand. The result shows under below graphs: Resident mortgage loan Number of employees CCB share price BA share price With the resident mortgage loan graph, the BAs personal mortgage loan looks stabilize from 2007 to 2011. Conversely, the CCB got specifically increase from 2008 under the Chinese Central Bank reduce interest rate. From the net income graph in China Constructions Bank and the Bank of America, we can see CCB increased radically from 2007 to 2011 but BA has a converse line, it got a slowly reduce that was nearly to negative net income. In share price graphs, the CCB reduced from 8 to 3 nearly drop 62.5% but in BA, it was decreased more than 90%. The Bank of China, JPMorgan Chase, Industrial Commercial Bank of China and Wells Fargo are all describe in up four areas: Resident Mortgage Loan, Net Income, Number of employee and share prices. The result is similar, which shows the American banks were influenced higher than Chinese. 2.4 The difference in banking system between American and China (ÃÆ' ©Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡ÃƒÆ' ¨Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¿Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡ÃƒÆ' ©Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"ÃÆ' ¨Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ±ÃƒÆ' ¦Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å" ºÃƒÆ' §Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ±ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢2.2ÃÆ' ¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¥ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  ÃƒÆ' ¦Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ) According to the structure and business in Big Four of America and China, the Chinese banks got less influenced. What leads Chinese banks got less affected? To answer this question, the writer finds some difference in banking systems between these two countries. The US banking system is the largest one in the world, and from the section 2.2, we know the Federal Reserve System is the central bank in America that likes that the Peoples Bank of China, which provides more flexible, stable monetary and financial system to banks. The two central banks are mainly controlled by their countries government separately and also their all losses will eventually to its government. Nonetheless, there still have some difference performances between two countries in earlier and poster the financial crisis. According to their many difference parts in banking systems, the writer picks up some important point to illustrate and analysis. 2.4.1 Regulations different The firstly and mainly important differ is banking supervision. Banking supervision must exist in every countrys financial system that makes sure the financial institution safety and soundness, it involves monitoring, examining and inspecting banking organizations and also it assess customers conditions that relevant to laws and regulations. However, American and Chinese banking supervision are distinct: regulatory framework and the basic problem in financial markets are different. We all know, the American financial market has a laisser faire [1] idea, then it took most banks more rely on their own control and management. In addition, the American financial regulatory system consists of state and Federal supervision. The banks are not only regulated by the Federal but also each state has their own supervision organizations, which is looser to banks than Federal. From 1963, the US government was helping and encouraging homeowners to buy houses under the US houses prices dramatically increased condition. And then the central bank of America (Federal Reserve System) dropped the interest rates dramatically from 1984 to 2008, which showed in section 2. 3.1 graphs, which government wanted customers loan more money from banks to invest in order to stimulate economy. In addition, every bank was hoped to earn more profits than others then during that time, they took out some lower and looser loan conditions for customers. For example: JPMorgan Chase did not request customers repay ability to loan and also it allowed homeowners without putting deposits for mortgage. Conversely, Chinese regulation system is diversified, which are mainly divided into 3 parts: CBRC (China Banking Regulatory Commission), CSRC (China Securities Regulatory Commission) and CIRC (China Insurance Regulatory Commission). The CBRC is according to their main business to supervise such as commercial banks, policy banks and others. The CSRC and CIRC are supervision in securities, futures, funds and insurance area separately. The Chinese supervision is indicated that the Central bank has responsibility to control and regulation macro-economic but at the same time, there still has other supervision organizations in micro-regulation. This type of supervision called institutional regulation, which is improving the professional level of regulation then to get their target easily. From section 2.3.1, we all know America and China were all reduce their interest rate from 2007 to 2009, while, Chinese central bank was only dropped 1.05% that is much less than American. In addition, Chinese banks are regulated by many parts as we mentioned above. Hence Chinese banks are strictly constrained and have limited rights to conduct mortgage activities based on their own benefit purpose. In Chinese regulation system, the CBRC strengthen combines financial supervision and market discipline together and also these prevent financial risk effectively and firstly. On the above of this regulation, Chinese banking systems regulation request banks must meet clients in person and also customers must comply with basic lending conditions, which reduce a lot of finan cial risk than other regulations. However, the institutional regulation also contains some disadvantages such as hard to coordinate these regulation organizations between each other, and this regulation too large that needs to spend a higher cost than others. In addition, this type regulation is easily to repeat some supervision questions, which is especially for universal banks but in todays, most banks are developing to universal such as ABC, CCB and other Chinese banks. 2.4.2 Other implements in banking system before the financial crisis At present, the American banks are mainly focus in mixes management, they can operate securities, insurance and other trust business but Chinese banks are primarily running traditional business (loan business), which showed details in section 2.2.1. Before the financial crisis happen, the American banks changed a large number of assets to securitization and then packed them like a high credit rating lower risk bonds such as CDO, CDS, the n bought too much. At last, these bonds leaded many banks in heavy losses. For example: In the mid-2006, JPMorgan Chase created CDO bonds as initial stake then the JPM turned it into investment that sold to international. However, next year, the JPMorgan Chase was crashed by the houses price went down suddenly. And also, during that time, the Bank of American also crisis by excessive leverage and it suffered by the subprime mortgage market. According to the global financial crisis, the JPMorgan took two mistakes: it made too many leveraged loans and also procured lower mortgages underwriting the banks standards conditions. Nevertheless, Chinese banks did not influence by the financial crisis too much, they are mainly suffered by global economic recession that showed in section 2.3.1. 2.4.3 American banks advantages Although, the American banks suffered heavily by the financial crisis, the regulation banking systems still exist some advantages that we need to learn. From sectio n 2.4.1, we know the American banks used Federal and State regulation that is the most prominent feature in banking regulation. In the American law, it mainly empowers to Federal and states to regulate commercial banks rights, while, other organizations also participate the commercial banks regulation such as FRS, FRIC. This kind of regulations is effectively supervision and controls the commercial banks behavior and also defuses some financial risks. Comparing with the Chinese reinforcement management, American banks regulation is more focus on cooperation and coordination between regulators and regulated. For example: In American the regulation administration has a good relationship with banks, which makes America become the most financial activities and also the most strictly and depth financial regulation country. In addition, under a mixed operation situation, the American banks took out a special regulation (Umbrella Supervision) []. ÃÆ' §Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¾Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ½ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒ ¢Ã¢ ‚ ¬Ã‚ ºÃƒâ€šÃ‚ ½ÃƒÆ' ¨Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¿Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ÃƒÆ' §Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å" ¨ÃƒÆ' ¤Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¸Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ®Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡ÃƒÆ' ¦Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ µÃƒÆ' ¤Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¸Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÆ' ©Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ -ÃÆ' ¤Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¸Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ®Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡ÃƒÆ' §Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾ÃƒÆ' §Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ºÃƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"ÃÆ' §Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ®Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¡ÃƒÆ' ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÆ' ¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ®Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ µÃƒÆ' ¤Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¹Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¸ÃƒÆ' ©Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ÃƒÆ' ¨Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ÃƒÆ' ¦Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"ÃÆ' ¤Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ »Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ­Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¤Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¹Ãƒâ€š 2.5 The effects and changes of Chinese banking systems in post financial crisis (advantages, disadvantages of banking system in China) (ÃÆ' ©Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"ÃÆ' ¨Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ±ÃƒÆ' ¦Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å" ºÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€šÃ ‚ ¯Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¹ÃƒÆ' ¤Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¸Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ­ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ºÃƒâ€šÃ‚ ½ÃƒÆ' ©Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ ¶ÃƒÆ' ¨Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¡Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ' §Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ³Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ »ÃƒÆ' §Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ »Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¸ÃƒÆ' §Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ±ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ ÃƒÆ' ¤Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ »Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¥ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚  ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ®Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ' ¤Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ »Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬ÃƒÆ' ¦Ãƒâ€¹Ã…“ ¯ÃƒÆ' ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ½ÃƒÆ' ¤Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¹Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ºÃƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¯Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¹ÃƒÆ' §Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾ ÃÆ' ¥Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ºÃƒÆ' ¤Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¼Ãƒâ€¹Ã…“ÃÆ' §Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¼Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ºÃƒÆ' §Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¹) According to above sections, we know the financial crisis influenced to Chinese banks. But what types of influences are there and what are the responses from Chinese banking systems to deal with the crisis need to be elaborated. In this section, the writer will talk about t he effects and changes in details. In fact, the Chinese banking systems impacted by the global financial crisis were showed in banks risk degree changes. Actually, when the financial crisis happened, there were two kinds of effects showed: direct and indirect. The directly risk degree changes are the financial crisis directly affected to Chinese banks foreign exchange market and shareholding structures. While, the indirectly influence is caused by the global economic recession that leaded by the global financial crisis, which made Chinese macro-economic, foreign trade, financial monetary policy and others changed then it affected the Chinese banks risk degree. The main influences are showed into 4 parts: Chinese banks profit loss, ownerships structure changed, the quality of assets decline and the potential risks increase. Firstly, according to the section 2.1, we know the Chinese banks affected directly by the financial crisis, when dollar securities prices went down that impaired a domestic Chinese banks foreign exchange decrease and it directly leaded Chinese banks actual loss. After China joined into WTO, Chinese banks went to international (overseas assets allocation), and then the dollar securities were played an important part in Chinese banks. When the subprime crisis happened in American, it made securities fluctuate sharply then the values were dropping down. Although, in above, we introduce the Chinese banks regulation is institution but it still be a heavy loss by the financial crisis. In addition, the subprime crisis made and increased a financial gap to original investors in Chinese banks then it leaded Chinese public banks share sell-off in financial market that leaded the Chinese banks have to changed their ownerships structure. Also the indirect influence was the global financial crisis made economic recession in Europe countries then it affected Chinese export trade business and leaded Chinese banks credit quality decrease. The ef fects are also showed with the potential risk increasing in macro-economic environment and money policies. Not only the macro-economic environment changed but also Chinese banks moderated and lose their monetary policy may be increase the potential risk. The same with American banks, China also have some changes in banking systems when the financial crisis happened such as Chinese central bank sharply decreased the interest rate from 2008, sharply increased credit money, and took out lower loan conditions to stimulate Chinese economic and other changes. According to these effects and changes, we can see that the Chinese banking systems still have some problems with the Chinese towards gradually perfect and complete banking systems. The writer will introduce some important problems as follows: firstly, domestic commercial banks have some original problems with they do not have representative to make a decision and supervision, which leaded contributors shortage and then the domestic commercial banks have a large number of non-performing loans. Under the Chinese government protect, the domestic commercial banks are lacking some endogenous power, competition and risk awareness. Secondly, Chinese central bank is controlled by government financial department not only on personal arrangement but also in making policies. It is too much relay on the government then it not good for banks developing in the future. Chinese banks have taken heavy burden of debts due to the deteriorated market environment. Systematic scheme slowed down the speed of revolution and reform in banking system. To be more specific, the big four are all suffered from the non-performing-loan which account for a large portion of the credit business. The risk of loan maintains at high level which affect the efficiency and profit ability for Chinese banks. 2.6 Future development of Chinese banking systems Impacted by the financial crisis, it not only took bad effects but also took s ome challenges to Chinese banks. Firstly, Chinese banks need to get the greatest ways to control macroeconomics in short-term to reduce the scale and depth by the global economic recession. While, this is depending on macro-economics policy, we can through financial and positive monetary policy to satisfy needs and also government can change the policy with the demand to quick control macro-economic. How should we build more stable and sound banking systems, there is still another challenge to Chinese banks. With the problems of Chinese banks and above two challenges that are leading some future development to Chinese banks. We all know the financial crisis influences to Chinese banks are not short-term happened, that means, the effects are long-term and deep that maybe face the same problems in the future. Then Chinese banks should learn some methods from American banks experience, such as improve banks management consciousness, find out some active and steady innovation ways, i ncrease and strengthen banking supervision and inspection power and other future enhancement or changes. 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¬Ã‹Å" ³ÃƒÆ' §Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ©ÃƒÆ' §Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¼Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¸Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å" ºÃƒÆ' ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€ š ¬Ã…“ ÃƒÆ' ¤Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"ÃÆ' §Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ­Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¯Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¹ÃƒÆ' §Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ »Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ÃƒÆ' ¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ µÃƒâ€¦Ã‚ ½ÃƒÆ' ¨Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¿Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ºÃƒÆ' ¨Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¡Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ' ¨Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ' ¦Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ½ÃƒÆ' §Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾ÃƒÆ' ¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  ÃƒÆ' ¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  ÃƒÆ' ¤Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"ÃÆ' §Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¨ÃƒÆ' ¥Ã‚ °Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  ÃƒÆ' ¨Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ «ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¼Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ±ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢- ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ -ÃÆ' ¨Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ' ¤Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ »Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ £ÃƒÆ' ¤Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÆ' §Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾ÃƒÆ' ¦Ãƒâ€¹Ã…“ ¯ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¼Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ºÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶ÃƒÆ' ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °ÃƒÆ' ¨Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¡Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ' §Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å" ½ÃƒÆ' ¤Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ »Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¤ÃƒÆ' £Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡ Conclusion ÃÆ' ¨Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¿Ãƒâ€¹Ã…“ÃÆ' ©Ãƒâ €¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ÃƒÆ' ¨Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ÃƒÆ' §Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ®Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¹: ÃÆ' ¦Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å" ªÃƒÆ' ¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¥ÃƒÆ' §Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"ÃÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ±Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒâ€¹Ã…“ÃÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢-() Conclusion ÃÆ' ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Ã‚ °ÃƒÆ' ¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ®ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  ÃƒÆ' ¦Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ÃƒÆ' ¨Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¿Ãƒâ€¹Ã…“ÃÆ' ©Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ÃƒÆ' ¨Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ®Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÆ' ¥-à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾ Literature Review reference: Adair turner, The financial Crisis and the future of financial regulation, the economists inaugural city lecture, 21st January 2009 J.B. Taylor, 2009, The financial Crisis and the policy responses: an empirical analysis of what went wrong, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Se ries, Vol. 14631 Carmen M. Reinhart Kenneth S. Rogoff, 2008. Is the 2007 US Sub-prime Financial Crisis So Different? An International Historical Comparison, American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 98(2), pages 339-44, May. 2008 Adams, R. B. (2012), Governance and the Financial Crisis. International Review of Finance, 12:  7-38. Castells, Manuel, Caraca, Joao and Cardoso, Gustavo, (2012), Aftermath: The Cultures of the Economic Crisis, Oxford University Press, Carmen M. Reinhart Kenneth S. Rogoff, 2009. The Aftermath of Financial Crises, American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 99(2), pages 466-72, May. Berkmen, Pelin, Gelos, Gaston, Rennhack, Robert K. and Walsh, James P., The Global Financial Crisis: Explaining Cross-Country Differences in the Output Impact (December 2009). IMF Working Papers, Vol. , pp. 1-19, 2009. Ligang Liu, Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on China: Empirical evidence and Policy Implicat ions, China World Economy, 1-23, Vol.17. No.6. 2009 J. Ghosh and C.P. Chandrasekhar, 2008, The costs of coupling: the global crisis and the Indian economy , Cambridge Journal of Economics, Volume 33, Issue 4, Page: 725-739 M.Clerides and C. Stephanou, 2009, The Financial Crisis and the banking system in Cyprus, Cyprus Economic policy review, Vol.3, No.1, pp. 27-50 V. Anichshenko, 2009, The impact of financial crisis on the banking systems in Kazakhstan, Central Asia Business Journal, Vol.2, November 2009 Cunningham, Lawrence A. and Zaring, David T., The Three or Four Approaches to Financial Regulation: A Cautionary Analysis Against Exuberance in Crisis Response. George Washington Law Review, Vol. 78, October 2009; GWU Legal Studies Research Paper No. 469; William H. Overholt (2010): China in the Global Financial Crisis: Rising Influence, Rising Challenges, The Washington Quarterly, 33:1, 21-34 E.Geretto and R. Pauluzzo (2009), The Chinese banking system: Econom ic performance and prospects for future development, Transit studies review, 16:92-113 American interest rate: https://www.global-rates.com/interest-rates/central-banks/central-bank-america/fed-interest-rate.aspx Why Chinas Banks Are Stronger than Americas: https://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1902404,00.html CCB: https://www.ccb.com/en/newinvestor/upload/20120612_1339472609/nianbaoen2011.pdf https://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/cichy/financials